Fig.1

Schematic diagram of test setup for suppressing ice formation of impacting droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces using dual synthetic jet

Fig.2

Computational domain for droplet impact on superhydro-phobic surface under low temperature conditions

Table 1

Variation of water’s physical properties with temperature［32］

Table 2

Variation of air’s physical properties with temperature［32］

Table 3

Variation of ice’s physical properties with temperature［32］

Fig.3

Simulation results of different TD without application of dual synthetic jet and their comparison with test data

Fig.4

Comparison of simulation results with and without use of pre-encryption and partitioning method

Fig.5

Test results of droplet impacting and freezing without application of dual synthetic jet （after t = 30 ms）

Fig.6

Variations of contact line length （Lw） during droplet impact process at 18 °C and -30 °C

Fig.7

Comparison of contribution of different working fluids to impact force without applying dual synthetic jet at -30 °C

Fig.8

Analysis of causes for extreme impact forces of Peak 1 and Peak 2 at -30 °C

Fig.9

Analysis of causes for extreme impact forces of other extreme values at -30 °C

Fig.10

Test effects of suppressing droplet impact freezing on superhydrophobic surface using dual synthetic jet under different Ld-o

Fig.11

Variations of droplet contact line lengths， impact force on wall surface， and lift force over time

Fig.12

Comparison of peripheral pressure variations during period prior to water droplet detachment from wall surface at 18 °C and -30 °C

Fig.13

Variation of wall heat flux density and changes in droplet velocity and temperature during droplet impact process

Fig.14

Comparison of impact of ice formation on edge movement speed of droplets with or without using dual synthetic jet