Fig.1

MBD-CFD hose-drogue aerial refueling simulation framework

Fig.2

Computation flow chart of hose-drogue aerial refueling simulation based on MBD-CFD

Fig.3

ANCF curved beam element deformation description

Fig.4

ANCF beam element with variable length

Fig.5

Generic modeling of ANCF multiple rigid bodies/cables/beams system with constraints

Fig.6

Computation flow chart of MBD-unsteady CFD coupling

Fig.7

Definition of coordinate system for refueling drogue aerodynamic modeling

Table 1

Database format of drogue aerodynamic

Fig.8

Inquiry and interpolation algorithm in flow field volume mesh

Fig.9

Graph of drogue mass center velocity of x direction in wake flow field generated by different methods

Fig.10

Graph of drogue mass center velocity of z directionin wake flow field generated by different methods

Fig.11

Graph of drogue mass center displacement of x directionin wake flow field generated by different methods

Fig.12

Graph of drogue mass center displacement of z direction in wake flow field generated by different methods

Fig.13

Graph of drogue pitch angle in wake flow field generated by different methods

Fig.14

Contour density of wake flow field from a refueling aircraft

Fig.15

Contour of downwash angle of wake flow field from a refueling aircraft

Fig.16

Refueling drogue configuration model

Fig.17

Body-fitted grid of refueling drogue

Table 2

Hose-drogue inertial and structure parameters

Fig.18

Overlapping mesh topology between drogue and refueling aircraft

Fig.19

Graph of drogue mass center velocity of x directionby different coupling methods

Fig.20

Graph of drogue mass center velocity of z direction by different coupling methods

Fig.21

Graph of drogue mass center displacement of x direction by different coupling methods

Fig.22

Graph of drogue mass center displacement of z direction by different coupling methods

Fig.23

Graph of drogue pitch angle by different coupling methods