可重复使用运载火箭结构疲劳耐久性与可靠性展望

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28299

Abstract

Abstract:

Reusable launch vehicle is an important development direction of the carrier rocket technology in the present world. Traditional disposable rockets only need to complete a single launch mission and usually use a high static strength safety factor to ensure their structural reliability. For reusable launch vehicle that need to perform as many launch missions as possible to increase economic efficiency， structural fatigue durability and reliability are difficult to be covered by static strength design. This review analyzes the key factors which determine the fatigue life of rockets under the existing technology conditions and points out the development direction for improving the durability and reliability of reusable launch vehicle. Vibration loading is the main driving force of fatigue crack propagation in complex environment， and it is vital to suppress structural vibration. The fatigue problems of welding structures and metal additive manufacturing structures commonly used in launch vehicles are specifically analyzed. The current status of the durability and reliability of launch vehicle structures is then reviewed. Finally， a unified method of three-dimensional fatigue fracture is proposed to study the fatigue durability and reliability of reusable launch vehicle. This method can consider all the factors affecting the fatigue life， correlate the initial fatigue quality of the structure and the driving force of crack growth indicated by the detection signal with the fatigue life， and give reliability.

Key words: reusable launch vehicle, reliability, vibration fatigue, welding, metal additive manufacturing

CLC Number:

V415.5

Mengqi GU, Jiacai ZHU, Wanlin GUO, Song XUE. Prospects for fatigue durability and reliability of reusable launch vehicle structures[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(23): 628299-628299.

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推进剂	燃料密度/（kg·m^-3）	燃料储存温度/K	液氧储存温度/K	混合比	真空比冲/（m·s^-1）
液氢液氧	71	20	88	6	457
液氧煤油	840	常温	88	2.33	348
液氧甲烷	422	110	88	2.77	365

部件	运行环境	受载情况	疲劳问题
涡轮叶片	高温高压，高速气流	旋转离心力，气动载荷，流体与传导载荷激振	振动疲劳，蠕变与热应力疲劳
涡轮泵主轴	无特殊环境	横向谐振载荷	旋转弯曲疲劳
管道	腐蚀，极端高温与低温	振动载荷	腐蚀疲劳，振动疲劳
泵叶片	低温	流体激振与汽蚀	振动疲劳
燃烧室	燃烧高温，强氧化	温度梯度应力，压力振荡	蠕变与热应力疲劳
喷管	高温燃气，高速流动	温度梯度应力，流动分离侧向力	振动疲劳

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Prospects for fatigue durability and reliability of reusable launch vehicle structures

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