碳纳米管增强固体推进剂/衬层粘接界面力学性能试验

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.34122

Abstract

Abstract:

The weak propellant layer and geometric interface near the propellant/liner bonding interface are prone to Mode Ⅰ debonding and crack propagation， constituting important causes of structural failure in solid rocket motor charges. To improve the mechanical properties of the interface and the weak layer， multilevel mechanical tests have been conducted on a Carbon Nanotube （CNT）-reinforced “weak propellant layer-liner-bonding interface” system. Tensile tests on a Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene （HTPB）-based simulant propellant， tensile tests on an HTPB-based liner at multiple loading rates， and Mode Ⅰ peel tests on propellant/liner double cantilever sandwich beam specimens have been performed. The reinforcement mechanisms have also been investigated through scanning electron microscopy observations and an analysis based on curing reaction principles. The results have shown that， within the investigated range， 0.3 wt% hydroxylated CNTs have provided the optimal overall reinforcement of the simulant propellant， increasing its elastic modulus and tensile strength by 69% and 24%， respectively. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the liner reinforced with 2 wt% hydroxylated CNTs have reached 209% and 342% of those of the unreinforced specimens， respectively， and have exhibited loading-rate dependence. After hydroxylated CNTs have been incorporated into the interfacial sandwich-beam specimens， the maximum load and the corresponding displacement have increased by approximately 31% and 21%， respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observations have indicated that CNTs have increased crack-growth resistance by bridging cracks and voids， improving load transfer across particle/matrix interfaces， and dissipating energy through pull-out friction. Hydroxylated CNTs have exhibited superior reinforcement performance in the investigated system， which has resulted from the synergistic effects of their geometric parameters， dispersion state， and hydroxyl-induced interfacial interactions. These findings have provided an experimental basis for the debonding-resistant design of simulant solid propellant/liner bonding systems.

Key words: carbon nanotubes, solid propellant, liner, bonded interface, mechanical properties

CLC Number:

V512⁺.3

Zhenhao YIN, Qiuhua LI, Zhibin SHEN, Haiyang LI, Dapeng ZHANG. Test on mechanical properties of bond interface between carbon nanotube-reinforced solid propellant and liner[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(19): 634122.

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References 47

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名称	规格及主要参数	厂家	用途
M-CNTs	纯度>99%；比表面积≥250 m²/g；长度5~15 μm；外径8~15 nm	深圳穗衡科技有限公司	纳米填料，增强模拟推进剂力学性能
H-CNTs	纯度>99%；羟基含量1 mmol/g；比表面积≥250 m²/g；长度5~15 μm；外径10~15 nm	深圳穗衡科技有限公司	纳米填料，增强模拟推进剂、衬层及粘接界面力学性能
C-CNTs	纯度>99%；羧基含量1 mmol/g；比表面积≥190 m²/g；长度5~15 μm；外径8~15 nm	深圳穗衡科技有限公司	纳米填料，增强模拟推进剂力学性能
A-CNTs	纯度>99%；氨基含量0.7 mmol/g；比表面积≥210 m²/g；长度8~15 μm；外径8~15 nm	深圳穗衡科技有限公司	纳米填料，增强模拟推进剂力学性能
GR	碳含量约98%；粒径7~10 μm；堆积密度0.08~0.13 g/mL；厚度<100 nm	深圳穗衡科技有限公司	纳米填料，增强模拟推进剂力学性能
丁羟胶	Ⅰ型	天元航材（湖北）航天科技股份有限公司	黏合剂
癸二酸二辛酯	含量≥99%	天元航材（湖北）航天科技股份有限公司	增塑剂
氯化钠	含量≥99.8%	国药集团化学试剂有限公司	固体填料，模拟AP颗粒
氧化锌	粒径1 μm	河北元英新材料有限公司	固体填料
铝粉	粒径1~2 μm	湖南宁乡吉安信公司	固体填料
甲苯二异氰酸酯	含量98%	上海迈瑞尔生化科技有限公司	固化剂
二月桂酸二正丁基锡	含量95%	上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司	催化剂

材料种类	含量/wt%
HTPB	26.95
NaCl	48.1
铝粉	15
固化剂等小组分	9.45~9.95
碳纳米材料	0~0.5

分析维度	对象	关键作用机制	试验表征与效能评价
作用路径	衬层本体	高模量骨架限制HTPB链段运动，提升等效模量与强度	2 wt%时增强最优；抗拉强度和弹性模量分别为未增强试样的209%和342%
	推进剂/衬层界面	界面邻近区域桥联，拔出、滑移与摩擦协同耗能	DCSB最大载荷及其对应位移分别提高约31%和21%
	颗粒/基体邻近区	嵌入富胶相并强化颗粒-基体锚固，改善载荷传递并抑制脱湿损伤	SEM观察到基体桥联和颗粒-基体界面锚固形貌
	裂纹扩展路径	诱导裂纹偏转、分叉与路径曲折化	载荷-位移特征面积约为未增强试样的1.59倍，提示裂纹扩展前的变形吸能能力提高
增强体对比	未改性CNTs	表面惰性，主要依赖范德华力与机械缠结	界面载荷传递不足，易发生滑移
	羟基化CNTs	-OH改善润湿分散，并形成氢键或潜在共价连接	在本试验条件下综合增强效果最优；化学反应机制仍待验证
	羧基化CNTs	-COOH增强极性界面作用	可能引起体系增黏和团聚，并扰动-NCO/-OH计量平衡
	氨基化CNTs	-NH₂与-NCO反应活性高	局部反应可能过快，导致交联网络不均匀
	石墨烯	二维片层诱导裂纹偏转与界面滑移耗能	易发生层间堆叠，长程桥联与界面锚固能力有限

Test on mechanical properties of bond interface between carbon nanotube-reinforced solid propellant and liner

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