含纳米颗粒碳氢燃料火箭发动机燃烧性能

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32844

Abstract

Abstract:

Adding high-energy metallic or non-metallic solid particles to liquid hydrocarbon fuel is an important means to improve the energy characteristics of fuel. Based on the liquid rocket engine platform， the theoretical performance prediction and combustion test research of pure liquid fuel and fuel containing nano-aluminum/boron particles are carried out with residual oxygen coefficient of 0.60-0.80， and the influence of adding nano-aluminum particles and nano-boron particles to hydrocarbon fuel is explored， the effects of slurry dispersion scheme and gel dispersion scheme are compared. The results show that the addition of 10wt% nano-aluminum/boron particles leads to a decrease in combustion efficiency of 1.2%/2.4%， and the corresponding engine density specific impulse increased by 6.5%/3.2% respectively. The addition of nano-aluminum particles has more potential in engineering applications. Compared with QC pure liquid fuel， the combustion efficiency of QC+B slurry fuel with 20wt% nano-boron particles added is decreased by 9.1% on average， and the density specific impulse is decreased by 0.9% on average， while the combustion efficiency of QC+B gel fuel with 20wt% nano-boron particles added is decreased by 5.8% on average， and the density specific impulse is increased by 3.9% on average. The gel scheme is more conducive to giving full play to the high energy density characteristics of nanoparticles than the slurry scheme.

Key words: hydrocarbon fuel containing nanoparticles, slurry fuel, gel fuel, rocket engine, combustion performance

CLC Number:

V436⁺.2

Yang YU, Kai XIANG, Jiaxun LIU, Xu WANG, Qingchun YANG, Xu XU, Haiyun SUN, Lun PAN. Combustion performance of hydrocarbon fuel containing nanoparticles in rocket[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(17): 632844.

Figures/Tables 25

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燃料名称	成分	密度/（g∙mL^-1）	质量热值/（MJ∙kg^-1）	体积热值/（MJ∙L^-1）	恰当氧燃比
HD-01	C₁₀H₁₆	0.934	42.1	39.3	3.29
HD-01+Al	90wt%C₁₀H₁₆+10wt%Al	1.013	41.0	41.5	3.05
HD-01+B	90wt%C₁₀H₁₆+10wt%B	0.996	43.8	43.6	3.18

燃料名称	成分	密度/（g∙mL^-1）	质量热值/（MJ∙kg^-1）	体积热值/（MJ∙L^-1）	恰当氧燃比
QC	C₇H₈	0.984	44.3	43.6	3.13
Slurry QC+B	80wt%C₇H₈+20wt%B	1.107	47.4	52.5	2.95
Gelled QC+B	80wt%C₇H₈+20wt%B	1.105	47.3	52.3	2.92

燃料	余氧系数	推进剂总流量/（g∙s^-1）	室压/MPa	实际特征速度/（m∙s^-1）	理论特征速度/（m∙s^-1）	燃烧效率/%
HD-01	0.62	90.0	2.0	1 569.0	1 796.2	87.4
	0.66	93.1	2.1	1 584.3	1 794.7	88.3
	0.72	90.9	2.1	1 639.2	1 781.2	92.0
	0.81	90.2	2.1	1 629.9	1 757.3	92.8
HD-01+Al	0.62	91.5	2.0	1 542.1	1 790.7	86.1
	0.65	89.7	2.0	1 567.3	1 785.1	87.8
	0.72	90.0	2.0	1 600.5	1 768.7	90.5
	0.80	90.4	2.1	1 596.4	1 747.7	91.3
HD-01+B	0.64	88.3	2.0	1 535.6	1 789.1	85.8
	0.70	87.1	2.0	1 565.1	1 778.1	88.0
	0.81	89.7	2.0	1 560.7	1 746.0	89.4

颗粒	熔点/K	沸点/K
Al	933	2 792
B	2 349	4 200

燃料	余氧系数	质量比冲/s	密度比冲/ （s∙g∙mL^-1）
HD-01	0.62	220.4	205.8
	0.66	223.6	208.9
	0.72	231.7	216.4
	0.81	230.3	215.1
HD-01+Al	0.62	217.1	219.9
	0.65	220.8	223.7
	0.72	226.1	229.0
	0.80	225.8	228.7
HD-01+B	0.64	216.6	215.7
	0.70	220.9	220.0
	0.81	220.1	219.2

Combustion performance of hydrocarbon fuel containing nanoparticles in rocket

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燃料	余氧系数	推进剂总流量/（g∙s^-1）	室压/MPa	实际特征速度/（m∙s^-1）	理论特征速度/（m∙s^-1）	燃烧效率/%
QC	0.62	90.0	2.2	1 707.4	1 862.6	91.7
	0.65	88.0	2.2	1 742.2	1 852.4	94.1
	0.70	88.7	2.2	1 744.4	1 834.8	95.1
	0.80	89.5	2.2	1 692.9	1 801.5	94.0
Slurry QC+B	0.65	87.4	2.0	1 520.0	1 820.8	83.5
	0.71	88.8	2.0	1 556.0	1 802.6	86.3
	0.78	87.4	2.0	1 533.9	1 778.1	86.2
Gelled QC+B	0.62	91.4	2.2	1 588.7	1 831.7	86.7
	0.67	89.7	2.1	1 599.9	1 817.0	88.1
	0.70	89.2	2.1	1 600.4	1 807.1	88.6
	0.78	89.5	2.1	1 572.5	1 779.1	88.4

燃料	余氧系数	质量比冲/s	密度比冲/ （s∙g∙mL^-1）
QC	0.62	244.7	240.7
	0.65	249.6	245.5
	0.70	250.2	246.1
	0.80	243.6	239.6
Slurry QC+B	0.65	214.4	237.3
	0.71	220.6	244.1
	0.78	217.7	240.9
Gelled QC+B	0.62	229.1	253.1
	0.67	229.8	253.8
	0.70	229.9	254.0
	0.78	225.7	249.3

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