Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (17): 333094.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33094
• Electronics and Electrical Engineering and Control • Previous Articles
Hongguang LI1, Zewei LIU2(
), Xinjun LI1, Yingyan GU3
Received:2025-11-17
Revised:2025-12-25
Accepted:2026-02-27
Online:2026-03-17
Published:2026-03-16
Contact:
Zewei LIU
E-mail:13791340187@163.com
Supported by:CLC Number:
Hongguang LI, Zewei LIU, Xinjun LI, Yingyan GU. Advances in UAV visual positioning technology based on deep learning[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(17): 333094.
Table 1
Summary of representative methods
| 类别 | 文献 | 输入数据类型 | 网络架构 | 是否需要语义地图 | 是否有监督 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模板相似度匹配 | [ | UAV+卫星图像 | VLAD+聚类空间约束 | 否 | 否 | 保留空间连贯性 | 极端视角下鲁棒性有限 |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像 | ResNet+OSM模块 | 否 | 是 | 精细局部匹配 | 极端视角或模态缺失受限 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像 | 全局-局部注意力 | 否 | 是 | 缓解尺度干扰 | 缺乏明确尺度对应约束 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像 | 语义图卷积 | 是 | 是 | 利用语义结构 | 依赖语义分割准确性 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像 | 语义置信度建模 | 是 | 是 | 降低语义噪声影响 | 依赖置信估计准确性 | |
| [ | UAV视频帧+卫星图像 | Video2BEV+特征融合 | 否 | 是 | 时间一致性嵌入 | 对帧间运动估计敏感 | |
| 特征描述子匹配 | [ | UAV+卫星图像 | SuperPoint+无监督图匹配网络 | 否 | 否 | 无需人工标注匹配对 | 依赖邻域关系建模质量 |
| [ | UAV热图像+卫星影像 | 深度单应估计+热图生成网络 | 否 | 是 | 低可视度/夜间定位有效 | 对跨模态适应性依赖高 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像+IMU | RVIO+CNN | 否 | 是 | 多传感器融合,提高稳定性 | 对传感器精度依赖高 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像+IMU | SuperPoint+SuperGlue+几何一致性约束 | 否 | 是 | 复杂视角匹配稳定 | 计算开销大 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像+IMU | 点线特征+条件扩散模型 | 否 | 是 | 多模态融合减少视角差异,提高鲁棒性 | 对建筑特征依赖强 | |
| [ | UAV多模态图像+卫星图像 | 递归门控卷积网络 | 否 | 是 | 跨模态多尺度匹配,实时性较好 | 对特征交互要求高 | |
| 位姿回归 | [ | UAV视频帧+卫星图像 | CNN+长短期记忆网络 | 否 | 是 | 利用时序信息平滑位姿估计 | 对长序列漂移敏感 |
| [ | UAV视频帧+卫星图像 | CNN+双流特征融合 | 否 | 是 | 融合多帧上下文信息,提高精度 | 跨视角变化大时鲁棒性低 | |
| [ | UAV视频帧+卫星图像 | 长短期记忆网络+视觉特征CNN | 否 | 是 | 处理动态场景效果好 | 长序列训练成本高 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像+IMU | CNN-长短期记忆网络+融合IMU模块 | 否 | 是 | IMU辅助,减小累积漂移 | 依赖IMU标定精度 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像+深度 | CNN特征+回归模块 | 否 | 是 | 多模态融合,精度提升 | 传感器依赖高 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像 | 多尺度卷积+长短期记忆网络 | 否 | 是 | 跨尺度特征提升估计精度 | 对极端视角变化鲁棒性不足 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像 | DenseNet+回归层 | 否 | 是 | 特征利用充分,训练稳定 | 对光照变化敏感 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像 | 卷积+注意力模块 | 否 | 是 | 注意力增强关键区域特征 | 计算复杂度增加 | |
| [ | UAV+卫星图像+IMU | Transformer | 否 | 是 | 跨模态融合精度高,抑制漂移 | 对算力要求高 |
Table 2
Dataset comparison
| 数据集名称 | UAV数据量/张 | UAV图像来源 | 是否不同高度采集 | 采样策略 | 评估指标 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University-1652[ | 701类×71.64 | 合成UAV-View | 否 | 多源、多视角合成采样 | Recall@K,mAP |
| SUES-200[ | 120类×51 | 真实UAV图像 | 是(150~300 m) | 固定高度圆形轨迹采样 | Recall@K,mAP |
| DenseUAV[ | 2 256类×9 | 真实UAV图像 | 是(不同低空高度) | 城市低空环境密集采样 | Recall@K,SDM(Spatial Distance Metric)@K |
| UAV-VisLoc[ | 6 742 | 真实UAV图像 | 是(400~2 000 m) | 多高度、多航向角采样 | Recall@K |
| UL14[ | 9 099 | 真实UAV图像 | 是(80,90,100 m) | 高分辨率卫星多尺度配对采样 | RDS (Relative Distance Score) |
Table 3
Experimental results comparison on University-1652
| 方法 | Recall@1/% | AP/% | Params/M | FLOPs/G |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAC[ | 94.67 | 95.50 | 28.12 | 4.56 |
| VimGeo[ | 91.27 | 92.61 | 26.00 | 26.18 |
| EAGLe[ | 68.86 | 72.62 | ||
| AGEN[ | 95.43 | 96.18 | ||
| MSM-Transformer[ | 89.22 | 91.04 | 28.4 | 4.54 |
| AEN[ | 87.26 | 89.11 | ||
| FOENet[ | 70.22 | 74.02 | ||
| SRLN[ | 92.70 | 93.77 | 193.03 | 42.15 |
| IFSs[ | 86.06 | 88.08 | ||
| TirSA[ | 93.37 | 94.53 | ||
| QDFL[ | 95.00 | 95.83 | 108.87 | 40.12 |
| MCFA[ | 94.53 | 95.40 | 97.57 | 11.25 |
| MEAN[ | 93.55 | 94.53 | 36.50 | 8.21 |
| MM-Geo[ | 73.16 | 76.91 | ||
| SeGCN[ | 89.18 | 90.89 | ||
| WeatherPrompt[ | 77.14 | 80.20 | 838.30 | 90.63 |
| CDIKTNet[ | 95.02 | 95.79 | ||
| TMRRM[ | 75.15 | 80.02 | ||
| R2PLoc[ | 86.54 | 88.57 | 18.72 | 2.61 |
| CDM-Net[ | 95.13 | 96.04 | 26.80 | 138.18 |
| GeoFormer[ | 89.08 | 90.08 | 157 | 37.7 |
Table 4
Experimental results comparison on SUE-200
| 方法 | Recall@1/% | AP/% | Params/M | FLOPs/G |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAC[ | 96.80 | 97.54 | 28.12 | 4.56 |
| AGEN[ | 94.38 | 95.58 | ||
| SRLN[ | 89.90 | 91.90 | 193.03 | 42.15 |
| IFSs[ | 77.57 | 81.30 | ||
| QDFL[ | 93.97 | 95.42 | 108.87 | 40.12 |
| MCFA[ | 96.00 | 96.89 | 97.57 | 11.25 |
| SeGCN[ | 93.75 | 92.45 | ||
| CDIKTNet[ | 96.03 | 96.87 | ||
| CDM-Net[ | 93.78 | 95.16 | 26.80 | 138.18 |
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