Fig.1

Geometry of the airfoil

Fig.2

Layout of computational domain and boundary conditions

Fig.3

Details of the mesh layout

Table 1

Time and space discrete schemes

Table 2

Validation of grid independence

Fig.4

SPL in one-third octave band （SPL1/3） for the coarse， medium and fine mesh compared with the experiment result

Fig.5

Comparison of SPL in one-third octave band （SPL1/3） for different trailing edges （α=4°）

Fig.6

Non-dimensional streamwise Reynolds normal stress contours for different trailing edges

Fig.7

Non-dimensional crosswise Reynolds normal stress contours for different trailing edges

Fig.8

Diagram of SPL directivity of different trailing edges

Fig.9

Time-domain lift coefficient for different gusts

Fig.10

Comparison of lift coefficients before and after rigid deflection of trailing edge with different gusts

Table 3

Load alleviation efficiency of rigid deflection

Fig.11

SPL in one-third octave band before and after rigid deflection of trailing edge with different gusts

Fig.12

Power spectral density for the acoustic pressure signals before and after rigid deflection of trailing edge with sin gusts （α=12°）

Fig.13

SPL in one-third octave band before and after rigid deflection of trailing edge with sin gusts （α=12°）

Fig.14

Comparison of lift coefficients before and after flexible deflection of trailing edge with different gusts

Table 4

Load alleviation efficiency of flexible morphing

Fig.15

SPL in one-third octave band before and after flexible deflection of trailing edge with different gusts

Fig.16

Power spectral density for the acoustic pressure signals before and after flexible morphing of trailing edge with sine gusts （α=12°）

Fig.17

SPL in one-third octave band before and after rigid deflection of trailing edge with sine gusts （α=12°）

Fig.18

Comparison of load reduction efficiency of rigid deflection and flexible deflection of trailing edge

Fig.19

Spatiotemporal distribution of the difference between upper and lower airfoil pressure coefficients

Fig.20

Airfoil deformation and pressure difference coefficient at 0.25T typical time

Fig.21

Comparison of SPL directivity diagram of two trailing edge deflection modes with sine gusts （α=12°）

Fig.22

Comparison of the PSD for the acoustic pressure sig-nals of two trailing edge deflection modes with sine gusts （α=12°）

Fig.23

Comparison of 10 Hz acoustic pressure between two trailing edge deflection modes

Fig.24

Comparison of sound pressure data in frequency domain between two trailing edge deflection modes

Fig.25

Comparison of the SPL in one-third octave band between two trailing edge deflection modes