基于NS/CFIE伴随方程的飞行器气动隐身综合优化

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27757

Abstract

Abstract:

Advanced integrated aerodynamic and stealth design technology is the key link to realize the technical indexes of future combat aircraft， such as high stealth， high maneuverability， wide speed range and long range. This study derives the “coupled” adjoint equation of aerodynamic stealth based on the idea of interdisciplinary coupling adjoint. First， the adjoint equation of the flow field is constructed based on the Navier-Stokes equation. Through the variational processing of near-field vector multiplication， far-field vector multiplication， and the radar scattering area， the adjoint equation based on MLFMA is then developed. The electromagnetic adjoint equation of the algorithm， combined with the independently developed XSQP optimization framework and parametric modeling technology， constructs a highly reliable aerodynamic stealth comprehensive optimization technology platform. Taking a certain flying wing layout as the research object， we conduct the aerodynamic stealth integration test. The test results show that both the gradient calculation accuracy of the established accompanying platform and the optimization design efficiency are high， providing strong technical support for the aerodynamic stealth integration design of combat aircraft.

Key words: multidisciplinary coupled adjoint equation, flow adjoint equation, electromagnetic adjoint equation, integration of aerodynamics and stealth, aircraft

CLC Number:

V211.3

Jiangtao HUANG, Lin ZHOU, Xian CHEN, Chuang MA, Gang LIU, Zhenghong GAO. Integrated aerodynamic and stealth optimization of aircraft based on NS/CFIE adjoint equations[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(12): 127757-127757.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 1

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

References 28

1	VOS J B， RIZZI A， DARRACQ D， et al. Navier-Stokes solvers in European aircraft design［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2002， 38（8）： 601-697.
2	武亮，左向梅. 基于面元修正的机翼非定常气动力分析［J］. 航空计算技术， 2015， 45（6）： 83-86.
	WU L， ZUO X M. Unsteady aerodynamics analysis of wing based on panel correction method［J］. Aeronautical Computing Technique， 2015， 45（6）： 83-86 （in Chinese）.
3	张淼，刘铁军，马涂亮，等. 基于CFD方法的大型客机高速气动设计［J］. 航空学报， 2016， 37（1）： 244-254.
	ZHANG M， LIU T J， MA T L， et al. High speed aerodynamic design of large civil transporter based on CFD method［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2016， 37（1）： 244-254 （in Chinese）.
4	李洁，刘战合，王英，等. 飞行器目标RCS计算方法适用性研究［J］. 战术导弹技术， 2012（1）： 38-42， 63.
	LI J， LIU Z H， WANG Y， et al. Research on the applicability of the approach for calculating the RCS of aircraft target［J］. Tactical Missile Technology， 2012（1）： 38-42， 63 （in Chinese）.
5	GAO Z H， WANG M L. An efficient algorithm for calculating aircraft RCS based on the geometrical characteristics［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2008， 21（4）： 296-303.
6	HAN Z H， ZHANG K S， LIU J， et al. Surrogate-based aerodynamic shape optimization with application to wind turbine airfoils： AIAA-2013-1108［R］. Reston： AIAA， 2013.
7	ZHANG K S， HAN Z H， LI W J， et al. Coupled aerodynamic and structural optimization of a subsonic-transport wing using surrogate model［C］∥ 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston： AIAA， 2008.
8	王超，高正红. 小展弦比薄机翼精细化气动优化设计研究［J］. 中国科学：技术科学， 2015， 45（6）： 643-653.
	WANG C， GAO Z H. Refined aerodynamic design optimization of a wing with small aspect ratio［J］. Scientia Sinica （Technologica）， 2015， 45（6）： 643-653 （in Chinese）.
9	黄江涛，刘刚，高正红，等．飞行器多学科耦合伴随系统的现状与发展趋势［J］．航空学报， 2020， 41（5）： 623404.
	HUANG J T， LIU G， GAO Z H， et al. Current situation and development trend of multidisciplinary coupled adjoint system for aircraft ［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2020， 41（5）： 623404 （in Chinese）.
10	黄江涛，周铸，刘刚，等．飞行器气动/结构多学科延迟耦合伴随系统数值研究［J］．航空学报， 2018， 39（5）： 121731.
	HUANG J T， ZHOU Z， LIU G， et al. Numerical study of aero-structural multidisciplinary lagged coupled adjoint system for aircraft［J］.Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica，2018，39（5）：121731 （in Chinese）.
11	MARTINS J R. A coupled-adjoint method for high-fidelity aero-structural optimization［D］. Stanford：Stanford Stanford University， 2002.
12	CHARLES M， GAETAN K， JOAQUIN M. Towards high-fidelity aerostructural optimization using a coupled adjoint approach［C］∥12th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. Reston： AIAA， 2008.
13	ABU-ZURAYK M. Constrained aero-elastic multi-point optimization using the coupled adjoint approach［C］∥ MUSAF II Colloquium， 2013.
14	LEOVIRIYAKIT K， JAMESON A. Case studies in aero-structural wing planform and section optimization［C］∥ 22nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit. Reston： AIAA， 2004.
15	黄江涛，张绎典，高正红，等. 基于流场/声爆耦合伴随方程的超声速公务机声爆优化［J］. 航空学报， 2019， 40（5）： 122505.
	HUANG J T， ZHANG Y D， GAO Z H， et al. Sonic boom optimization of supersonic jet based on flow/sonic boom coupled adjoint equations［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2019， 40（5）： 122505 （in Chinese）.
16	ABU-ZURAYK M， BREZILLON J. Shape optimization using the aerostructural coupled ajoint approach for viscous flows［C］∥ Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design， Optimization and Control， 2011.
17	MARCELET M， PETER J， G´ CARRIER. Sensitivity analysis of a strongly coupled aero-structural system using direct and adjoint methods： AIAA-2008-5863［R］. Reston： AIAA， 2008.
18	GHAZLANE I， CARRIER G， DUMONT A. Aerostructural adjoint method for flexible wing optimization AIAA-2012-1924［R］. Reston： AIAA， 2012.
19	HUANG J， YU J， GAO Z， et al. Multi-disciplinary optimization of large civil aircraft using a coupled aero-structural adjoint approach［M］∥Lecture notes in electrical engineering. Singapore： Springer Singapore， 2019： 1042-1054.
20	ZHOU L， HUANG J T， GAO Z H. Radar cross section gradient calculation based on adjoint equation of method of moment［M］∥Lecture notes in electrical engineering. Singapore： Springer Singapore， 2019： 1427-1445.
21	HARRINGTON F. Field computation by moment methods［M］. New York： Wiley-IEEE Press， 1993.
22	黄江涛，刘刚，周铸，等. 基于离散伴随方程求解梯度信息的若干问题研究［J］. 空气动力学学报， 2017， 35（4）： 554-562.
	HUANG J T， LIU G， ZHOU Z， et al. Investigation of gradient computation based on discrete adjoint method［J］. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica， 2017， 35（4）： 554-562 （in Chinese）.
23	ERGUL O， GUREL L. Iterative solutions of electromagnetics problems with MLFMA ［M］. New York ： Wiley-IEEE Press， 2014： 177-268.
24	ROKHLIN V. Rapid solution of integral equations of scattering theory in two dimensions［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 1990， 86（2）： 414-439.
25	SPEKREIJSE S， PRANANTA B， KOK J. A simple， robust and fast algorithm to compute deformations of multi-block structured grids： NLR-TP-2002-105 ［R］. Netherlands： National Aerospace Laboratory， 2002.
26	朱心雄. 自由曲线曲面造型技术［M］. 北京：科学出版社， 2000.
	ZHU X X. Free-form curve and surface modeling technology［M］. Beijing： Science Press， 2000 （in Chinese）.
27	HUANG J T， ZHOU Z， GAO Z H， et al. Aerodynamic multi-objective integrated optimization based on principal component analysis［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2017， 30（4）： 1336-1348.
28	ZHOU L， HUANG J T， GAO Z H， et al. Three-dimensional aerodynamic/stealth optimization based on adjoint sensitivity analysis for scattering problem［J］. AIAA Journal， 2020， 58（6）： 2702-2715.

外形	C_D /counts	C_m	RCS _f_{=200 MHz}/ m²	RCS _f_{=500 MHz}/ m²
初始	138.7	0.020 4	6.027 2	5.720 1
Aero-RCS optimization 200M	131.9	0.032 6	1.408 2	0.782 1
Aero-RCS optimization 500M	130.2	0.004 1	1.148 7	0.556 9

[1]	Changhao LIU, Yihua CAO, Xiaomeng MEI, Maosheng WANG, Guanglin ZHANG. Transport effectiveness evaluation of high⁃speed helicopters [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(9): 530182-530182.
[2]	Weiguo ZHANG, Min TANG, Jie WU, Xianmin PENG, Guichuan ZHANG, Bowen NIE, Liangquan WANG, Chaoqun LI. Overview of wind tunnel test research on tiltrotor aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(9): 530114-530114.
[3]	Weikang HUANG, Zhuoran ZHANG, Xingya DA, Peibo YUAN, Huamin GAO. Thermal characteristics of dual drive motors for high speed counter⁃rotating ducted fan [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(8): 129048-129048.
[4]	Junfu LI, Qing CHEN, Wei WANG, Zhonghua HAN, Yuting TAN, Yulin DING, Lu XIE, Jianling QIAO, Ke SONG, Junqiang AI. Design of low sonic boom high efficiency layout for advanced supersonic civil aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629613-629613.
[5]	Shusheng CHEN, Muliang JIA, Yanxu LIU, Zhenghong GAO, Xinghao XIANG. Deformation modes and key technologies of aerodynamic layout design for morphing aircraft: Review [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629595-629595.
[6]	Chuihuan KONG, Dawei WU, Zhaoguang TAN, Lijun PAN, Rubing MA, Jiangtao SI. Design of fully electric scheme for three⁃surface verification aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629618-629618.
[7]	Shengxiang TONG, Zhiwei SHI, Xi GENG, Lishuang WANG, Zhikun SUN, Qichang CHEN. Combinable samara aircraft and controlled separation technique [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629590-629590.
[8]	Chao AN, Guixi HUO, Yang MENG, Changchuan XIE, Chao YANG. Aerodynamic modeling methods and influence of layout parameters for wingtip⁃hinged multi⁃body combined UAV [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629587-629587.
[9]	Liu LIU, Xianhong XIANG, Yufei ZHANG, Haixin CHEN, Chuang WEI, Jian ZHU, Pu YANG. A high lift-to-drag ratio unconventional blended-wing-body aerodynamic configuration with swallow tail [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629630-629630.
[10]	Yanhua ZHANG, Dengcheng ZHANG, Zhangwen ZHOU, Yuchang LEI, Lin LI. Concept and design of virtual rudder surface aircraft based on circulation control: Review [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629608-629608.
[11]	Liang MENG, Jinyuan YANG, Zhiwei YANG, Tong GAO, Hongquan LIU, Weihong ZHANG. Buckling⁃resisting optimization design of typical aircraft panel and test validation [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529679-529679.
[12]	Rui SI, Yong CHEN. Application trends of additive manufacturing technology for civil aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529677-529677.
[13]	Guirong ZHOU, Jianyuan XU, Shaobo MA, Junyao ZONG, Jinqing SHEN, Haijie ZHU. Review of key technologies for avionics systems integration on large passenger aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529956-529956.
[14]	Weiping YANG. Development trend of navigation guidance and control technology for new generation aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529720-529720.
[15]	Jinghui DENG. Technical status and development of electric vertical take⁃off and landing aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529937-529937.

Integrated aerodynamic and stealth optimization of aircraft based on NS/CFIE adjoint equations

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 19

References 28

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments