航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (17): 632844-632844   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32844

含纳米颗粒碳氢燃料火箭发动机燃烧性能

于洋1,2, 项锴3, 刘佳迅1, 王旭1, 杨庆春1, 徐旭1(), 孙海云3, 潘伦4   

  1. 1.北京航空航天大学 宇航学院,北京 102206
    2.北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京 100076
    3.北京航天试验技术研究所,北京 100074
    4.天津大学 化工学院 先进燃料与化学推进剂教育部重点实验室,天津 300072
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-28 修回日期:2025-11-25 接受日期:2025-12-22 出版日期:2026-01-04 发布日期:2025-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 徐旭 E-mail:xuxu_1521@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    省部级项目

Combustion performance of hydrocarbon fuel containing nanoparticles in rocket

Yang YU1,2, Kai XIANG3, Jiaxun LIU1, Xu WANG1, Qingchun YANG1, Xu XU1(), Haiyun SUN3, Lun PAN4   

  1. 1.School of Astronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China
    2.Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing 100076,China
    3.Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology,Beijing 100074,China
    4.Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel and Chemical Propellant of Ministry of Education,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
  • Received:2025-09-28 Revised:2025-11-25 Accepted:2025-12-22 Online:2026-01-04 Published:2025-12-29
  • Contact: Xu XU E-mail:xuxu_1521@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Provincial or Ministerial Level Project

摘要:

在液体碳氢燃料中添加高能金属或非金属的固体颗粒是提高燃料能量特性的重要手段。基于液体火箭发动机平台在余氧系数0.60~0.80条件下开展纯液体燃料、含纳米铝/硼颗粒燃料的理论性能预示与燃烧试验研究,探究在碳氢燃料中添加纳米铝颗粒和纳米硼颗粒对燃烧性能的影响,对比浆体分散方案与凝胶分散方案的效果。结果表明:添加10wt%纳米铝/硼颗粒分别导致燃烧效率下降1.2%/2.4%,对应发动机密度比冲分别提高6.5%/3.2%,添加纳米铝颗粒在工程应用中更具潜力;相比四环庚烷(QC)纯液体燃料,添加了20wt%纳米硼颗粒的QC+B浆体燃料燃烧效率平均下降9.1%,密度比冲平均降低0.9%,而添加了20wt%纳米硼颗粒的QC+B凝胶燃料燃烧效率平均仅下降5.8%,密度比冲平均提高3.9%,凝胶方案相比于浆体方案更利于充分发挥纳米颗粒的高能量密度特性。

关键词: 含纳米颗粒碳氢燃料, 浆体燃料, 凝胶燃料, 火箭发动机, 燃烧性能

Abstract:

Adding high-energy metallic or non-metallic solid particles to liquid hydrocarbon fuel is an important means to improve the energy characteristics of fuel. Based on the liquid rocket engine platform, the theoretical performance prediction and combustion test research of pure liquid fuel and fuel containing nano-aluminum/boron particles are carried out with residual oxygen coefficient of 0.60-0.80, and the influence of adding nano-aluminum particles and nano-boron particles to hydrocarbon fuel is explored, the effects of slurry dispersion scheme and gel dispersion scheme are compared. The results show that the addition of 10wt% nano-aluminum/boron particles leads to a decrease in combustion efficiency of 1.2%/2.4%, and the corresponding engine density specific impulse increased by 6.5%/3.2% respectively. The addition of nano-aluminum particles has more potential in engineering applications. Compared with QC pure liquid fuel, the combustion efficiency of QC+B slurry fuel with 20wt% nano-boron particles added is decreased by 9.1% on average, and the density specific impulse is decreased by 0.9% on average, while the combustion efficiency of QC+B gel fuel with 20wt% nano-boron particles added is decreased by 5.8% on average, and the density specific impulse is increased by 3.9% on average. The gel scheme is more conducive to giving full play to the high energy density characteristics of nanoparticles than the slurry scheme.

Key words: hydrocarbon fuel containing nanoparticles, slurry fuel, gel fuel, rocket engine, combustion performance

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