航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (12): 432766-432766   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32766

氮掺杂石墨的一步电爆法制备及吸波性能

魏玉鹏1,2,3, 刘乐乐1,2, 郭荣鹏1,2, 达怡萱1,2, 张萌1,2, 路钲淇1,2, 颜学冰1,2, 周辉1,2, 王旭东4, 朱亮1,2()   

  1. 1.兰州理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,兰州 730050
    2.兰州理工大学 省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,兰州 730050
    3.西北稀有金属材料研究院宁夏有限公司 稀有金属特种材料国家重点实验室,石嘴山 753000
    4.兰州工业学院 材料工程学院,兰州 730050
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2025-10-04 接受日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-23
  • 通讯作者: 朱亮 E-mail:zhul@lut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52262012);甘肃省重点研发计划-工业领域(25YFGA025);中色(宁夏)东方集团有限公司稀有金属特种材料全国重点实验室开放课题基金(SKL2021K001);甘肃省在站博士后专项(23JRRA762);甘肃省高等学校青年博士基金(2023QB-051)

One-step electrical explosion preparation of nitrogen-doped graphite and its microwave absorption properties

Yupeng WEI1,2,3, Lele LIU1,2, Rongpeng GUO1,2, Yixuan DA1,2, Meng ZHANG1,2, Zhengqi LU1,2, Xuebing YAN1,2, Hui ZHOU1,2, Xudong WANG4, Liang ZHU1,2()   

  1. 1.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Special Rare Metal Materials,Northwest Rare Metal Materials Research Institute Ningxia Co. ,Ltd,Shizuishan 753000,China
    4.School of Materials Engineering,Lanzhou Institute of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2025-10-04 Accepted:2025-11-10 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-23
  • Contact: Liang ZHU E-mail:zhul@lut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52262012);Key Research and Development Plan of Gansu Province(25YFGA025);State Key Laboratory of Special Rare Metal Materials, China Nonferrous Metal (Ningxia) Orient Group Co., Ltd(SKL2021K001);The Postdoctoral Program at Station of Gansu(23JRRA762);University Young Doctor Support Program in Gansu Province in 2023(2023QB-051)

摘要:

石墨烯因其优异的电导率和低密度具有很大的应用潜力,但单一石墨烯因无法满足阻抗匹配的要求,限制其在电磁波吸收领域的应用。目前氮掺杂可以优化石墨烯的微波吸收性能,然而其制备工艺繁杂且制备过程中伴随着环境污染的有机废液,因此采用低成本石墨替代石墨烯简便制备碳基吸波复合材料,具有重要的研究价值。通过一步电爆炸法在不同比例氮氩混合气氛中制备出氮掺杂石墨电磁波吸收材料。实验结果表明:在50vol%氮氩混合气氛下制备的氮掺杂石墨最小反射损耗值为-50.40 dB。在厚度为1.30 mm时,其最大有效吸收频宽可达4.24 GHz,雷达反射截面(RCS)缩减值达到36.46 dB·m2。一步电爆法制备氮掺杂石墨为低成本电磁波吸波材料的设计提供新思路。

关键词: 电爆炸, 氮掺杂石墨, 微波吸收性能, 反射损耗值, 雷达反射截面

Abstract:

Graphene exhibits significant application potential due to its excellent electrical conductivity and low density. However, the inability of pristine graphene to satisfy impedance matching criteria limits its application in the electromagnetic wave absorption field. Currently, nitrogen doping can optimize the microwave absorption properties of graphene, but the preparation process is complicated and accompanied by the generation of organic waste liquids that cause environmental pollution. Therefore, replacing graphene low-cost graphite to fabricate carbon-based wave-absorbing composite holds considerable research value. In this study, the nitrogen-doped graphite as electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials were prepared by a one-step electrical explosion method under nitrogen-argon (N2-Ar) mixed atmospheres with different volume ratios. Experimental results demonstrate the the nitrogen-doped graphite prepared under a 50vol% N2-Ar mixed atmosphere achieves a minimum Reflection Loss (RL) value of -50.40 dB. When the thickness is 1.30 mm, its maximum Effective Absorption Bandwidth (EAB) reaches 4.24 GHz, and the Radar Cross-Section (RCS) reduction value attains 36.46 dB m2. The one-step electrical explosion method for preparing the nitrogen-doped graphite provides a new insight for the design of low-cost electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.

Key words: electrical explosion, nitrogen-doped graphite, microwave absorption properties, reflection loss, Radar Cross-Section (RCS)

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