航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (24): 232058-232058   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32058

固体力学与飞行器总体设计

航空发动机复杂叶片碰摩仿真方法与动力学特性分析

陶玄君1, 于平超1,2(), 靳祎泽1, 向振洋1, 张大义3,4   

  1. 1.南京航空航天大学 民航学院,南京 211106
    2.南京航空航天大学 民航飞机健康监测与智能维护重点实验室,南京 211106
    3.北京航空航天大学 能源与动力工程学院,北京 100191
    4.北京航空航天大学 航空发动机结构强度北京市重点实验室,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 修回日期:2025-04-15 接受日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2025-06-26 发布日期:2025-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 于平超 E-mail:yupingchao@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(J2022-Ⅳ-0005-0022);国家自然科学基金(52372387);民航飞机健康监测与智能维护重点实验室自主基金专项资金(NJ2024022);中国博士后科学基金(2022M711615);南京航空航天大学研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(xcxjh20240722)

Simulation method and dynamic characteristics analysis of complex blade rubbing in aero-engines

Xuanjun TAO1, Pingchao YU1,2(), Yize JIN1, Zhenyang XIANG1, Dayi ZHANG3,4   

  1. 1.College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Health Monitoring and Intelligent Maintenance,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China
    3.School of Energy and Power Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    4.Beijing Key Laboratory of Aero-Engine Structure and Strength,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-04-15 Accepted:2025-05-26 Online:2025-06-26 Published:2025-06-05
  • Contact: Pingchao YU E-mail:yupingchao@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372387);Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Health Monitoring and Intelligent Maintenance(NJ2024022);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711615);Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of NUAA(xcxjh20240722);National Science and Technology Major Project of China (J2022-Ⅳ-0005-0022)

摘要:

针对发动机复杂叶片开展碰摩仿真方法和动力学特性研究,考虑叶片局部接触与转子涡动影响,通过空间运动关系建立三维碰摩载荷与叶片惯性载荷模型;将上述载荷模型与降维后的叶片有限元模型进行组集,获得碰摩动力学方程;结合数值求解技术最终建立了发动机复杂叶片碰摩仿真方法。应用所提仿真方法开展某发动机压气机叶片碰摩分析,结果表明:叶尖碰摩可激发2种碰摩状态,其与碰摩位置有关,叶尖前缘碰摩时容易激发叶片间歇碰摩,此时叶片与机匣重复性的接触-分离,叶片呈现8 000 Hz的高频高幅模态振动;而叶尖尾缘碰摩则容易激发全周碰摩,此时叶片发生静变形。转子的非同步涡动则显著增加叶片碰摩行为的非线性程度,叶片振动频率将存在与涡动频率fefn相关的复杂组合频率。降低碰摩刚度、摩擦系数,能够有效抑制叶尖碰摩下叶片整体振动。本研究可为航空发动机叶片动力学分析与间隙设计提供必要的理论方法支撑。

关键词: 航空发动机, 碰摩, 三维叶片, 振动特性, 动力学模型

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the research of the rubbing simulation method and dynamic characteristics of complex engine blades. Considering the influence of local blade contact and rotor whirl, a three-dimensional rubbing load and blade inertial load model is established through the spatial motion relationship. The above load model is assembled with the reduced-dimensional finite element model of the blade to obtain the rubbing dynamic equation. Combined with numerical solution techniques, a rubbing simulation method for complex engine blades is ultimately proposed. The proposed method is applied to conduct a rubbing analysis of the compressor blades of a certain aero-engine. The results show that tip rubbing can excite two rubbing states, which are related to the rubbing position. During the leading edge of the blade tip rubbing, the intermittent rubbing of the blade is easily to be excited. At this time, the blade repeatedly contacts and separates from the casing, and the blade exhibits high-frequency and high-amplitude modal vibration at 8 000 Hz. During the trailing edge of the blade tip rubbing, the full circumferential rubbing is more likely to be excited, and the blade undergoes static deformation at this time. The non-synchronous whirl of the rotor significantly increases the nonlinearity of the blade rubbing behavior. The vibration frequency of the blade will have complex combined frequencies related to the whirl frequencies fe and fn. Reducing the rubbing stiffness and friction coefficient can effectively suppress the overall vibration of the blade under tip rubbing. This paper can provide necessary theoretical method support for the dynamic analysis of aero-engine blades and clearance design.

Key words: aero-engine, rubbing, three-dimensional blade, vibration characteristics, dynamic model

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