航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (23): 628299-628299   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28299

可重复使用运载火箭技术专栏

可重复使用运载火箭结构疲劳耐久性与可靠性展望

顾孟奇1, 朱家才2, 郭万林1,2(), 薛松2   

  1. 1.清华大学 机械工程学院,北京 100084
    2.南京航空航天大学 航空学院,南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-23 修回日期:2022-12-07 接受日期:2023-02-27 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 郭万林 E-mail:wlguo@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0705400);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20212008);机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室(MCMS-I-0421K01);中央高校基本科研业务费(NJ2022002)

Prospects for fatigue durability and reliability of reusable launch vehicle structures

Mengqi GU1, Jiacai ZHU2, Wanlin GUO1,2(), Song XUE2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
    2.College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
  • Received:2022-11-23 Revised:2022-12-07 Accepted:2023-02-27 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-03-17
  • Contact: Wanlin GUO E-mail:wlguo@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705400);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20212008);State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(MCMS-I-0421K01);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NJ2022002)

摘要:

可重复使用火箭是当今世界运载火箭技术发展的重要方向。传统的一次性运载火箭只需要完成单次发射任务,通常使用高静强度安全系数来保证其结构可靠性。对于需要尽可能多地执行发射任务以提高经济效益的可重复使用运载火箭,结构疲劳耐久性与可靠性是静强度难以覆盖的。抗疲劳断裂性能与可靠性是高性能可重复使用运载火箭结构设计的基本问题。分析了火箭、尤其是发动机结构的载荷特点,提出环境因素作用下的振动疲劳是运载火箭发动机结构的主要失效形式;分析了运载火箭中常见的焊接结构与金属增材制造结构的疲劳问题,总结了运载火箭结构耐久性和可靠性分析的研究现状,对可重复使用运载火箭的耐久性与可靠性设计进行了展望。

关键词: 可重复使用运载火箭, 可靠性, 振动疲劳, 焊接, 金属增材制造

Abstract:

Reusable launch vehicle is an important development direction of the carrier rocket technology in the present world. Traditional disposable rockets only need to complete a single launch mission and usually use a high static strength safety factor to ensure their structural reliability. For reusable launch vehicle that need to perform as many launch missions as possible to increase economic efficiency, structural fatigue durability and reliability are difficult to be covered by static strength design. This review analyzes the key factors which determine the fatigue life of rockets under the existing technology conditions and points out the development direction for improving the durability and reliability of reusable launch vehicle. Vibration loading is the main driving force of fatigue crack propagation in complex environment, and it is vital to suppress structural vibration. The fatigue problems of welding structures and metal additive manufacturing structures commonly used in launch vehicles are specifically analyzed. The current status of the durability and reliability of launch vehicle structures is then reviewed. Finally, a unified method of three-dimensional fatigue fracture is proposed to study the fatigue durability and reliability of reusable launch vehicle. This method can consider all the factors affecting the fatigue life, correlate the initial fatigue quality of the structure and the driving force of crack growth indicated by the detection signal with the fatigue life, and give reliability.

Key words: reusable launch vehicle, reliability, vibration fatigue, welding, metal additive manufacturing

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