航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (S1): 732183-732183   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32183

第二届空天前沿大会/第二十七届中国科协年会优秀论文

倾转四旋翼机高效低噪旋翼外形优化设计

张夏阳(), 罗彬, 陈希, 杨涛   

  1. 南京航空航天大学 航空学院 直升机动力学全国重点实验室,南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14 修回日期:2025-02-28 接受日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-05-28 发布日期:2025-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 张夏阳 E-mail:zhangxiayang@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12472237);国家自然科学基金(12032012);航空科学基金(2024Z010052002);中国科协青年人才托举工程(2022QNRC001);国家重点实验室基金(61422202201);江苏高校优势学科建设工程

Optimization design of high-efficiency and low-noise rotor layout for quad-tiltrotor aircraft

Xiayang ZHANG(), Bin LUO, Xi CHEN, Tao YANG   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
  • Received:2025-02-14 Revised:2025-02-28 Accepted:2025-05-15 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2025-05-27
  • Contact: Xiayang ZHANG E-mail:zhangxiayang@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12472237);Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2024Z010052002);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001);National Key Laboratory Foundation of China(61422202201);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

摘要:

倾转四旋翼机在典型飞行模式下存在多涡系、多部件气动干扰,并引起复杂的非定常噪声特性。为获得综合考虑直升机模式和固定翼模式的高效低噪旋翼外形,分别建立了考虑全机气动环境的旋翼气动和噪声计算方法,开展了桨尖外形参数对旋翼气动和噪声特性的敏感性分析,基于改进的拉丁超立方采样方法和遗传算法建立了前、后旋翼高效率/低噪外形设计优化方法。通过优化设计获得了一套高效低噪前、后旋翼外形方案,并与基准旋翼的气动、噪声特性进行了对比。结果表明,旋翼气动和噪声特性对部分桨尖外形参数较为敏感,能分别给悬停效率和巡航效率带来一定影响。采用所提优化方法后,在直升机模式下,前旋翼的悬停效率最大提升1.5%、后旋翼最大提升1.0%,机身水平范围内噪声声压级最大降低1.8 dB;在固定翼模式下,前旋翼的巡航效率提升10.1%,后旋翼提升9.0%,机身水平范围内噪声声压级最大降低2.2 dB。

关键词: 倾转四旋翼机, 气动干扰, 气动性能, 噪声特性, 优化设计

Abstract:

Quad-tiltrotor aircraft experience complex unsteady noise characteristics due to the presence of multi-vortex and multi-component aerodynamic interference among various components during typical flight modes. To obtain the high-efficiency and low-noise rotor shape combined with helicopter mode and fixed-wing mode, the computation methods of rotor aerodynamic and noise considering the aerodynamic environment of the whole aircraft are established. The sensitivity analysis of the tip shape parameters to the aerodynamic and noise characteristics of the rotor is carried out. Based on the improved Latin hypercube sampling method and the genetic algorithm, the high-efficiency/low-noise shape design optimization process of the forward and rear rotors is established. A set of high-efficiency and low-noise forward and rear rotor shapes are obtained and are further compared with the reference ones. The results show that the aerodynamic and noise characteristics of the rotor are sensitive to the blade tip shape, which can severely affect the hover efficiency and cruise efficiency. After optimization, the hover efficiencies of the forward rotor and the rear rotor are increased by 1.5 % and 1.0 %, and the noise pressure level is reduced by 1.8 dB. In the fixed-wing mode, the cruise efficiencies of the forward rotor and the rear rotor are increased by 10.1 % and 9.0 %, and the noise pressure level is reduced by 2.2 dB.

Key words: quad-tiltrotor aircraft, aerodynamic interference, aerodynamic performance, noise characteristics, optimization design

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