航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (23): 431793-431793   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31793

新一代航空发动机新结构设计及其对新材料与新工艺需求分析

张少平1(), 侯美丽2, 李恒2, 郭会明1   

  1. 1.中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院,成都 610500
    2.西北工业大学 材料学院 凝固技术国家重点实验室,西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 修回日期:2025-03-31 接受日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 张少平 E-mail:zhangshaoping@aecc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国防科技基础加强项目(2022-JCJQ-JJ-0161)

Analysis of new structural designs and requirements for new materials and manufacturing processes in next generation aircraft engines

Shaoping ZHANG1(), Meili HOU2, Heng LI2, Huiming GUO1   

  1. 1.AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment,Chengdu 610500,China
    2.State Key Lab of Solidification Processing,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2025-01-10 Revised:2025-03-31 Accepted:2025-04-23 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-05-08
  • Contact: Shaoping ZHANG E-mail:zhangshaoping@aecc.cn
  • Supported by:
    Defense Science and Technology Basic Strengthening Project(2022-JCJQ-JJ-0161)

摘要:

随着航空动力技术的不断演进,发动机的结构设计、材料及制造工艺三者协同发展,为发动机性能的提升提供了关键支撑。一代发动机,一代结构设计方法,一代材料与制造工艺。尤其是近年来,伴随着发动机需求的复杂化和多样化,新结构、新材料和新工艺逐渐呈现出跨代创新的发展趋势。系统对比了各代军用涡扇发动机在结构设计、材料应用及制造工艺方面的特点,揭示了新一代航空发动机的3大核心技术创新方向:在结构设计领域,聚焦高结构效率整体式设计、高推进效率轻质化设计和长寿命高可靠结构设计,深入解析了空心点阵、拓扑优化、微纳仿生、耐高温/隐身/透波一体化多功能结构和变体结构等突破性技术;在材料创新方面,确立了超耐温结构材料、轻质高强材料、隐身材料、智能超材料等关键材料的材料体系,着重分析了这些新型材料在极端服役环境下的性能要求与应用前景;在制造工艺方面,分析了激光加工、增材制造、微纳制造及智能制造等先进制造技术对复杂构件成形和质量控制的革命性影响,构建新一代航空发动机制造技术体系。旨在为航空发动机的未来发展提供前瞻性参考与指导。

关键词: 航空发动机, 新结构, 新材料, 新工艺, 跨代创新

Abstract:

With the continuous evolution of aircraft engine technology, the synergistic development of structural design, materials, and manufacturing processes has provided crucial support for enhancing aircraft engine performance. Each generation of aircraft engines corresponds to a new generation of structural design methods, materials, and manufacturing techniques. Particularly in recent years, driven by increasingly complex and diversified engine requirements, new structures, materials, and manufacturing processes have demonstrated a trend of cross-generational innovative development. We systematically compare the characteristics of structural design, material applications, and manufacturing processes across different generations of military turbofan engines, revealing three core technological innovation directions for next-generation aircraft engines. In structural design, focusing on high-efficiency integrated design, lightweight high-propulsion-efficiency design, and long-life high-reliability structural design, we provide in-depth analysis of breakthrough technologies including hollow lattice structures, topology optimization, micro-nano bionic designs, multifunctional structures integrating high-temperature resistance/stealth/wave-transparent capabilities, and morphing structures. In material innovation, we establishe material systems encompassing ultra-high-temperature structural materials, lightweight high-strength composites, stealth materials, and intelligent metamaterials, with particular emphasis on analyzing the performance requirements and application prospects of these advanced materials in extreme service environments. In manufacturing technology, we examine the revolutionary impacts of advanced techniques such as laser processing, additive manufacturing, micro-nano manufacturing, and intelligent manufacturing on the forming and quality control of complex components, thereby constructing a next-generation aircraft engine manufacturing technology framework. We aim to provide forward-looking references and guidance for the future development of aircraft engine technology.

Key words: aircraft engines, new structures, new materials, new manufacturing processes, cross-generational innovation

中图分类号: