航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (15): 131530-131530   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31530

盘腔旋流和旋转雷诺数对涡轮轮缘封严的影响机理

束浩诚1,2, 孔晓治1,2(), 龚文彬1,2, 刘高文1,2, 林阿强1,2   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 动力与能源学院,西安 710129
    2.西北工业大学 陕西省航空动力系统热科学重点实验室,西安 710072
    3.西北工业大学 四川天府新区西工大先进动力研究院,成都 610299
    4.山东佐耀智能装备股份有限公司,威海 264300
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13 修回日期:2024-12-27 接受日期:2025-02-13 出版日期:2025-03-07 发布日期:2025-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 孔晓治 E-mail:kongxiaozhi_lx@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    航空科学基金(2024M070053001);四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC1243);中央高校基本科研业务费(D5000240317);泰山产业领军人才工程

Effects of swirl flow and rotational Reynolds number on sealing performance of turbine rim

Haocheng SHU1,2, Xiaozhi KONG1,2(), Wenbin GONG1,2, Gaowen LIU1,2, Aqiang LIN1,2   

  1. 1.School of Power and Energy,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China
    2.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Thermal Science in Aero-engine System,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    3.Advanced Power Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Sichuan Tianfu New Area,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Chengdu 610299,China
    4.Shandong Zuoyao Intelligent Equipment Co. ,Ltd. ,Weihai 264300,China
  • Received:2024-11-13 Revised:2024-12-27 Accepted:2025-02-13 Online:2025-03-07 Published:2025-02-28
  • Contact: Xiaozhi KONG E-mail:kongxiaozhi_lx@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2024M070053001);Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2025ZNSFSC1243);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(D5000240317);Taishan Industrial Experts Program

摘要:

为揭示高转速下盘腔旋流与旋转雷诺数对轮缘封严性能的影响机理,对轮缘封严计算模型进行了三维定常数值模拟,并通过实验数据与数值计算对比,验证了所用数值方法在计算盘腔流动与封严性能方面的有效性。在此基础上,研究了不同盘腔进口冷气旋转比与旋转雷诺数条件下盘腔内的流场分布,并采用附加变量法分析了腔内封严效率的变化规律。结果表明:冷气旋转比与旋转雷诺数的变化均会对盘腔流场产生显著影响从而改变封严性能;定封严冷气流量条件下,盘腔进口冷气旋转比增大会提高腔内总压,使腔内动静盘壁面高半径位置的封严效率上升,旋转比由0.36增大到1.08,高半径区域静盘壁面封严效率增大6.3%;定封严间隙条件下,增大旋转雷诺数会使腔内漩涡向高半径方向与动盘侧迁移,经过盘腔出口位置时会因卷吸主流燃气造成燃气入侵现象加剧。旋转雷诺数由1.39×106增大到4.87×106,封严效率呈现先降低后升高的趋势,高半径区域静盘壁面封严效率最低仅为0.42。

关键词: 涡轮, 轮缘封严, 燃气入侵, 旋转比, 封严效率, 旋转雷诺数

Abstract:

To investigate the influence of high rotational speed swirl flow and rotational Reynolds number on sealing performance at high rotational speed, this paper presents a three-dimensional steady simulation of a rim seal model. The validity of the employed numerical method in computing cavity flow and sealing performance is verified through comparisons between experimental data and numerical calculations. On this foundation, the flow field distribution within the turbine cavity under varying conditions of swirl ratio and rotational Reynolds number is investigated. Furthermore, the variation in sealing efficiency is analyzed using the additional passive tracer method. The results reveal that changes in both the swirl ratio and the rotational Reynolds number exert significant impacts on the cavity flow field, thereby altering the sealing performance. Under conditions of constant cooling flow rate, increasing the cooling flow swirl ratio raises the total pressure in the cavity, resulting in an enhancement of the sealing efficiency at the high-radius locations of both the rotating and static walls. Specifically, as the swirl ratio increases from 0.36 to 1.08, the sealing efficiency of the static wall in the high-radius region increases by 6.3%. Under conditions of constant sealing clearance, increasing the rotational Reynolds number causes the vortex within the cavity to migrate towards the high-radius direction and the side of the rotating wall. When passing through the sealing clearance, the vortex entrains the gas, exacerbating the phenomenon of gas ingestion. As the rotational Reynolds number increases from 1.39×106 to 4.87×106, the sealing efficiency first decreases and then increases with the sealing efficiency of the static wall in the high-radius region reaching only 0.42.

Key words: turbine, rim seal, gas ingestion, swirl ratio, sealing efficiency, rotational Reynolds number

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