收稿日期:2023-05-29
修回日期:2023-07-25
接受日期:2023-09-05
出版日期:2024-06-15
发布日期:2023-10-08
通讯作者:
穆朋刚
E-mail:mu_penggang@163.com
基金资助:
Penggang MU(
), Binchao LI, Jun WANG, Shaowei SONG, Hanyang SHI
Received:2023-05-29
Revised:2023-07-25
Accepted:2023-09-05
Online:2024-06-15
Published:2023-10-08
Contact:
Penggang MU
E-mail:mu_penggang@163.com
Supported by:摘要:
液体火箭发动机为中国天地运输系统的主动力,承担绝大部分航天器的发射任务。发动机在高压、高温、高转速、强振动等极端恶劣的条件下工作,所面临结构强度问题非常突出。发动机结构强度问题起始于方案论证阶段,贯穿于产品整个寿命周期直至发射任务完成,而发动机在结构设计、载荷与使用环境、材料、制造过程、试验及强度评估等诸多方面存在不确定性和尚未解决的深层次问题,使结构强度成为影响发动机安全性和可靠性的一项重要因素。以发动机工程研制中的结构强度为出发点,总结探讨了发动机在结构强度设计及验证过程中若干个重要方面,涵盖载荷与使用环境、安全系数、材料、试验测试、损伤检测、验证及评估等,为发动机结构强度设计体系探索及新型发动机预研提供研究思路。
中图分类号:
穆朋刚, 李斌潮, 王珺, 宋少伟, 时寒阳. 液体火箭发动机工程研制中的结构强度研究进展[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(11): 529065.
Penggang MU, Binchao LI, Jun WANG, Shaowei SONG, Hanyang SHI. Research progress on structural strength of liquid rocket engine during engineering development phase[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(11): 529065.
表1
部分组件的安全系数
| 零组件 | 安全系数要求 | 来源 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 带压结构 | 极限强度安全系数:1.5;爆破压力安全系数:2.5 | GJB 2200A—2004[ | |
| 带压结构 | 液压试验压力为1.2~1.5倍最大工作压力; 爆破试验压力不低于2.5倍最大工作压力 | GJB 10A—2004[ | |
| 轴类 | 刚轴 | 要求工作转数不大于0.85倍一阶临界转速 | |
| 柔轴 | 当工作转数在一、二阶临界转数之间时,要求工作转数大于1.15倍的一阶临界转速,且小于0.85倍的二阶临界转速; 当工作转数在二、三阶临界转数之间时,要求工作转数大于1.15倍的二阶临界转速,且小于0.85倍的三阶临界转速 | ||
| 推力室 | 极限强度安全系数:1.5; 极限耐压压力不低于最大工作压强2倍 | QJ 2486A—2014[ | |
| 推力室 | 身部连接强度试验的试验压力为1.5~2.0倍最大工作压力; 总体承载能力试验的试验压力为1.2倍最大工作压力; 爆破试验压力为一般不低于2.5倍最大工作压力 | QJ 2786—1996[ | |
| 贮箱 | 按屈服强度设计安全系数取1.0~1.1; 按极限强度设计安全系数取1.25~2; 液压试验系数一般取1.05~1.5 | QJ 1941—1990[ | |
| 钛合金球形气瓶 | 按极限强度设计安全系数取1.5~2 | QJ 1654—1989[ | |
表2
最小安全性分析系数及强度试验系数[25-26]
| 发动机硬件类型 | 载荷 | 失效模式 | 安全性分析系数 | 试验系数 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鉴定 | 验收/验证 | ||||
| 金属结构及部件 | |||||
| 屈服 | 仅机械载荷 | 净截面屈服 | 1.10 | NA | NA |
| 极限 | 仅机械载荷 | 净截面极限 | 1.40 | 1.40 | NA |
| 极限 | 最大设计条件 | 稳定性极限 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 极限压力及转速 | 最大设计压力或转速 | 净截面屈服 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.20 |
| 极限 | 最大设计条件 | 点应变极限 | 2.00 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 压力容器及带压部件 | 最大设计条件(仅压力) | AFSPCMAN 91-710和AIAA S-080-1998或AIAA S-081-2000 | |||
| 紧固件及预加载连接 | |||||
| 屈服 | 最大设计条件 | 净截面屈服 | 1.10 | NA | NA |
| 极限 | 最大设计条件 | 净截面极限 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 连接分离 | 最大设计条件 | 分离泄漏 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| 安全关键 | 最大设计条件 | 分离泄漏 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 复合材料及/或胶接结构及部件-极限强度 | (除非说明,失效模式一为极限点应力/应变) | ||||
| 均匀区 | 最大设计条件 | 点极限 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 应力集中区 | 最大设计条件 | 点极限 | 2.00 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 胶接接头 | 最大设计条件 | 净截面极限 | 2.00 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
| 烧蚀 | 最大设计条件 | 点极限 | 1.70 | 1.40 | 1.20 |
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