航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (7): 632745-632745   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.32745

基于鲁棒显模型跟踪的共轴高速直升机飞/发综合控制

王重1, 任众孚1, 白俊强2, 郎金溪1, 李俨1()   

  1. 1. 西北工业大学 自动化学院,西安 710072
    2. 西北工业大学 无人系统技术研究院,西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2025-11-20 接受日期:2026-02-26 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 李俨

Integrated flight/propulsion control of coaxial high-speed helicopter based on robust explicit model following control

Zhong WANG1, Zhongfu REN1, Junqiang BAI2, Jinxi LANG1, Yan LI1()   

  1. 1. College of Automation,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2. Unmanned System Research Institute,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2025-11-20 Accepted:2026-02-26 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-04
  • Contact: Yan LI
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Open Funding of National Key Laboratory of Digital and Agile Aircraft Design

摘要:

多飞行模态和高机动性是共轴高速直升机的典型特征,常规的飞/发分离控制策略难以满足高性能控制需求;同时,全包线范围内的高动态耦合、强外部干扰与时变飞行特性对控制策略的鲁棒性提出了严峻挑战。因此,提出了一种基于鲁棒显模型跟踪控制(REMFC)的飞/发综合控制架构。首先,基于旋翼与发动机的扭矩/转速关系,构建了包含共轴直升机、涡轴发动机和传动系统的飞/发综合仿真模型。其次,通过重构显模型跟踪控制前馈-反馈结构并引入扩张状态观测器(ESO),提出了一种鲁棒显模型跟踪控制策略,实现了对未建模动态、气动干扰及参数不确定性的在线估计与补偿,并证明了闭环跟踪误差一致有界。最后,基于鲁棒显模型跟踪控制策略,设计了飞/发综合控制律并实现了飞行操纵与发动机转速的综合控制与动态协调。全飞行包线内的多任务仿真结果表明,基于鲁棒显模型跟踪的共轴高速直升机飞/发综合控制方法在参考指令跟踪、扰动抑制和转速稳定性方面均优于传统方法,显著提升了共轴高速直升机在复杂飞行条件下的飞行性能与鲁棒性。

关键词: 共轴高速直升机, 鲁棒控制, 显模型跟踪控制, 扩张状态观测器, 飞/发综合控制

Abstract:

Multiple flight modes and high maneuverability are typical characteristics of coaxial high-speed helicopters, making conventional separated flight/propulsion control strategies insufficient to satisfy high-performance control requirements. Meanwhile, the pronounced dynamic coupling across the entire flight envelope, together with strong external disturbances and time-varying flight characteristics, poses severe challenges to the robustness of control strategies. To address these issues, this paper proposes an integrated flight/propulsion control architecture based on Robust Explicit Model Following Control (REMFC). First, based on the torque-speed relationships between the rotor and the engine, an integrated flight/propulsion simulation model is established, incorporating the coaxial helicopter, turboshaft engine, and transmission system. Subsequently, by reconstructing the feedforward-feedback structure of explicit model following control and introducing an Extended State Observer (ESO), a robust explicit model following control strategy is developed. The proposed method achieves online estimation and compensation of unmodeled dynamics, aerodynamic disturbances, and parameter uncertainties, and the uniform boundedness of the closed-loop tracking error is theoretically guaranteed. Finally, based on the proposed REMFC strategy, an integrated flight/propulsion control law is designed to realize coordinated control and dynamic regulation of flight manipulation and engine speed. Multi-mission simulation results over the entire flight envelope demonstrate that the REMFC-based integrated control approach for coaxial high-speed helicopters outperforms conventional methods in reference command tracking, disturbance rejection, and rotor speed stabilization, significantly improving flight performance and robustness under complex flight conditions.

Key words: coaxial high-speed helicopter, robust control, explicit model tracking control, extended state observer, integrated flight/propulsion control

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