保护罩开启时高速飞行器内流场建立过程分析

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32638

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保护罩开启时高速飞行器内流场建立过程分析

钟俊¹,²,³,范晓樯⁴,熊冰⁵,陈磊²,唐啸⁴

1. 飞行器流体物理全国重点实验室
2. 国防科技大学先进推进技术实验室
3. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所
4. 国防科技大学
5. 国防科技大学高超中心

收稿日期:2025-07-31 修回日期:2025-12-13 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-15
通讯作者: 范晓樯
基金资助:
倒置式高超声速进气道起动过程流动机理及增强起动方法

Analysis of Internal Flowfield Development Process of a Hypersonic Vehicle During Cover Deployment

Received:2025-07-31 Revised:2025-12-13 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-15
Contact: Xiao-Qiang FAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摘要：助推器和保护罩在同一时间从吸气式高超声速飞行器上解锁的“同时分离”时序方案，因可利用内流道的充填高压，而有利于飞行器的轴向分离过程。然而，在该时序方案分离初期，受运动激波、激波串及气体充填的作用，飞行器内流道中存在复杂多变的压力振荡，除传统的碰撞风险外，还有气体充填导致的潜在超压风险。结合重叠动网格技术，求解非定常的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程，对保护罩开启时飞行器内流道流场的建立过程进行了数值计算，获得了内流道的时序流场结构和非定常压力特性，分析了开罩过程中内流场的演变机理，以及保护罩运动与级间距变化对分离初期流场建立过程的影响机制。结果表明：在“同时分离”时序方案的分离初期，内流道的充填与泄流过程中存在缝隙射流、运动激波扫掠、激波串前移、气体倒流与泄流过渡等5个流动特征显著不同的阶段；保护罩开启时，内流道出现最大压力的主要因素是激波系增压、激波串增压和气体充填蓄压，并非是运动激波引起的压力跃升；内流道是否起动，决定了保护罩运动与级间距变化对内流道流场的作用是单向依赖关系还是耦合作用关系。

关键词: 保护罩, 内流场, 多体分离, 气体充填, 压力特性, 非定常流动

Abstract: Abstract: The "simultaneous separation" sequence, involving the concurrent unlocking of the booster and protective cover from an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle, facilitates axial separation by utilizing the pressurized gas filling of the internal flow path. However, during the initial separation phase under this sequence, complex and variable pressure oscillations arise within the vehicle's internal flow path due to the interaction of moving shock waves, shock trains, and gas filling. Beyond conventional collision risks, a potential overpressure risk from the gas filling process is introduced into this sequence. Numerical simulations of developing flow field within the vehicle's internal flow path during protective cover separation were carried out, using overset moving mesh technology and solving the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The temporal flow field structures and unsteady pressure characteristics within the internal flow path were obtained. The evolution mechanism of the internal flow field during protective cover separation, as well as the influence mechanism between protective cover motion and stage distance variation on the flow field development during initial separation phase, were analyzed. The results indicate that during the initial separation phase under the "simultaneous separation" sequence, the filling and venting process of the inter-nal flow path exhibits five distinct stages characterized by significantly different flow phenomena: gap-induced jet flow, moving shock sweep, shock train forward movement, gas backflow, and venting transition. The maximum pressure observed within the internal flow path during protective cover separation is primarily attributable to shock system pressurization, shock train pressur-ization, and gas filling pressurization/accumulation, rather than the pressure jump induced by the moving shock. The operational state of the internal flow path—whether started or unstarted—determines if the influence between cover motion and stage dis-tance variation on the internal flow field manifests as a unidirectional dependency or a coupled interaction relationship.

Key words: protective cover, internal flow-field, multi-body separation, gas filling, pressure characteristics, unsteady flow

中图分类号:

V239.2，V211

钟俊范晓樯熊冰陈磊唐啸. 保护罩开启时高速飞行器内流场建立过程分析[J]. 航空学报, doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32638.

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保护罩开启时高速飞行器内流场建立过程分析

Analysis of Internal Flowfield Development Process of a Hypersonic Vehicle During Cover Deployment

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