资源受限下的阵列测向及其在无源定位中的应用综述-“多域协同与智能目标状态感知关键技术”专刊

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32537

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资源受限下的阵列测向及其在无源定位中的应用综述-“多域协同与智能目标状态感知关键技术”专刊

悦亚星¹,刘思宁¹,赵栋¹,史治国²,廖桂生¹

1. 西安电子科技大学
2. 浙江大学

收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-10-01 出版日期:2025-10-09 发布日期:2025-10-09
通讯作者: 廖桂生

Overview of Array Direction Finding under Resource Constraints and Its Applications in Passive Localization

Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-10-01 Online:2025-10-09 Published:2025-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着无人平台和微系统等领域的快速发展，学术界和工业界对射频链路数量、数据采样精度与采样数量等资源受限条件下目标测向与定位的需求激增。传统测向定位应用中的高资源消耗硬件平台在资源受限场景中面临严峻挑战。本文系统综述了资源受限条件下阵列测向的关键技术方案，包括稀疏阵列、时间调制阵列、模数混合阵列、低比特量化及迭代自适应技术，并指出了阵列测向在无源定位系统中纯测向定位、外辐射源融合测向定位和分布式测向融合定位的典型应用。这些技术协同融合，显著降低了系统对资源的需求，同时保障了复杂电磁环境下的测向定位精度与实时性。本文还分析了当前面临的主要挑战，并展望了未来发展方向。

关键词: 阵列测向, 无源定位, 资源受限, 稀疏阵列, 外辐射源定位

Abstract: With the rapid development of unmanned platforms and microsystems, the academic and industrial communities have seen a surge in demand for target direction finding (DF) and localization under resource-constrained conditions such as limited ra-dio frequency chains, data sampling accuracy, and sample size. Traditional hardware platforms for direction finding and posi-tioning, which typically consume substantial resources, face significant challenges in resource-limited scenarios. This article systematically reviews key technical approaches for array-based DF under resource constraints, including sparse arrays, time modulation arrays, hybrid analog-digital arrays, low-bit quantization, and iterative adaptive techniques. It also highlights typical applications of array-based DF in passive positioning systems, such as DF-based positioning, DF positioning fused with external illuminators, and distributed DF fusion positioning. The synergistic integration of these technologies significant-ly reduces the system’s resource requirements while ensuring DF and positioning accuracy and real-time performance in complex electromagnetic environments. The article further analyzes current major challenges and outlines future research directions.

Key words: Array direction finding, Passive positioning, Resource constraints, Sparse array, External radiation source localization

中图分类号:

V 243.2

悦亚星刘思宁赵栋史治国廖桂生. 资源受限下的阵列测向及其在无源定位中的应用综述-“多域协同与智能目标状态感知关键技术”专刊[J]. 航空学报, doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32537.

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主管单位：中国科学技术协会主办单位：中国航空学会北京航空航天大学

资源受限下的阵列测向及其在无源定位中的应用综述-“多域协同与智能目标状态感知关键技术”专刊

Overview of Array Direction Finding under Resource Constraints and Its Applications in Passive Localization

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