航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (3): 632537-632537   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32537

目标状态协同与智能感知专栏

资源受限下阵列测向及其在无源定位中的应用

悦亚星1,2, 刘思宁1,2, 赵栋1,2, 聂福全3, 史治国4, 廖桂生1,2()   

  1. 1.西安电子科技大学 杭州研究院,杭州 311231
    2.西安电子科技大学 电子工程学院,西安 710071
    3.河南科技学院 机电学院,新乡 453003
    4.浙江大学 信息与电子工程学院,杭州 310027
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-08-11 接受日期:2025-09-17 出版日期:2025-10-10 发布日期:2025-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 廖桂生 E-mail:liaogs@xidian.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(62431021);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(ZYTS25039)

Overview of array direction finding under resource constraints and its applications in passive localization

Yaxing YUE1,2, Sining LIU1,2, Dong ZHAO1,2, Fuquan NIE3, Zhiguo SHI4, Guisheng LIAO1,2()   

  1. 1.Hangzhou Institute of Technology,Xidian University,Hangzhou 311231,China
    2.School of Electronic Engineering,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,China
    3.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China
    4.School of Information and Electronic Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China
  • Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-08-11 Accepted:2025-09-17 Online:2025-10-10 Published:2025-10-09
  • Contact: Guisheng LIAO E-mail:liaogs@xidian.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(62431021);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYTS25039)

摘要:

随着无人平台和微系统等领域的快速发展,学术界和工业界对射频链路数量、数据采样精度与采样数量等资源受限条件下目标测向与定位的需求激增。传统测向定位应用中的高资源消耗硬件平台在资源受限场景中面临严峻挑战。系统综述了资源受限条件下阵列测向的关键技术方案,包括稀疏阵列、时间调制阵列、模数混合阵列、低比特量化及迭代自适应技术,并指出了阵列测向在无源定位系统中纯测向定位、外辐射源融合测向定位和分布式测向融合定位的典型应用。这些技术协同融合,显著降低了系统对资源的需求,同时保障了复杂电磁环境下的测向定位精度与实时性。最后还分析了当前面临的主要挑战,并展望了未来发展方向。

关键词: 阵列测向, 无源定位, 资源受限, 稀疏阵列, 外辐射源定位

Abstract:

With the rapid development of unmanned platforms and microsystems, the academic and industrial communities have seen a surge in Demand for Target (DF) and localization under resource-constrained conditions such as limited radio frequency chains, data sampling accuracy, and sample size. Traditional hardware platforms for direction finding and positioning, which typically consume substantial resources, face significant challenges in resource-limited scenarios. This paper systematically reviews key technical approaches for array-based DF under resource constraints, including sparse arrays, time modulation arrays, hybrid analog-digital arrays, low-bit quantization, and iterative adaptive techniques. Moreover, typical applications of array-based DF in passive positioning systems are highlighted, including DF-based positioning, DF combined with external radiation source localization, and distributed DF fusion positioning. The synergistic integration of these technologies significantly reduces the system’s resource requirements while ensuring DF and positioning accuracy and real-time performance in complex electromagnetic environments. Finally, the paper analyzes current major challenges and outlines future research directions.

Key words: array direction finding, passive positioning, resource constraints, sparse array, external radiation source localization

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