Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (19): 233284.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33284
• Solid Mechanics and Vehicle Conceptual Design • Previous Articles
Yujie CHENG1,2,3,4(
), Zheng HU1,3,4, Yongmei GAO5, Jiyan ZENG1,3,4, An ZHOU1,3,4, Bo SUN1,3,4
Received:2025-12-25
Revised:2026-03-02
Accepted:2026-04-09
Online:2026-05-06
Published:2026-04-30
Contact:
Yujie CHENG
E-mail:chengyujie@buaa.edu.cn
Supported by:CLC Number:
Yujie CHENG, Zheng HU, Yongmei GAO, Jiyan ZENG, An ZHOU, Bo SUN. Knowledge graph- and large language model-driven fault diagnosis for avionics equipment[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(19): 233284.
Table 4
Prompt engineering template
| 提示模板 |
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你是一名具备航空电子装备维修经验的专家助手 【任务说明】 给定一条故障相关文本及其类型,首先对于该文本进行清洗,然后从文本中抽取一个或多个“故障元”。 “故障元”是用于故障知识建模的最小语义单元,应简洁、标准化、可复用。 【故障元抽取规则】 1.故障元应为短语级表达,避免完整句子;2.可将一个描述拆分为多个具有独立诊断意义的故障元;3.去除无实际诊断价值的修饰词,如“正常”“合格”“经验”“功能”等;4.保留关键对象、动作、状态和结果;5.不引入原文中不存在的语义;6.输出结果应符合该类型下的专业表达习惯: 故障现象:异常状态、告警、表现 故障原因:触发条件、根因对象 故障模式:具体失效形式或失败过程 处理措施:维修动作或检测操作 【输入】 描述:{故障描述文本} 类型:{故障类型} 【输出要求】 仅输出“故障元”字段,多个故障元之间使用中文顿号“、”分隔,不要输出其他解释性内容。 【示例输入1】 描述:时钟异常复位 类型:故障现象 【示例输出1】 时钟复位、异常复位 … 【示例输入x】 描述:xxxx 类型:xxx 【示例输出x】 xx、xxx |
Table 12
Comparison of diagnostic results between proposed method and fusion reasoning method without fault elements
| 方法 | 第1组(本文方法) | 第2组(不采用故障元的融合推理方法) |
|---|---|---|
| 故障现象 | 时钟异常复位 | |
| 张量分解模型推理结果 | 产品壳体应力问题,开箱检查发现模块故障,FLASH存储器故障,…,生产返工导致FLASH存储器故障 | 上电自检模块报故,开箱检查发现模块故障,…,飞行员反映数据链断 |
| 大模型推理结果 | 开箱检查发现模块故障,上电自检模块报故,FLASH虚焊,…,生产返工导致FLASH存储器故障 | 开箱检查发现模块故障,开箱检查模块时钟 |
| 重合率 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 一致性推理结果 | 开箱检查发现模块故障,FLASH存储器故障,…,产品壳体应力问题,生产返工导致FLASH存储器故障 | 开箱检查发现模块故障,开箱检查模块时钟 |
| 最终输出 | 时钟异常复位根据共识原因,主要可能涉及:① FLASH存储器故障、生产返工导致FLASH故障;② 模块485总线功率放大单元,功率放大单元接口板D201芯片故障,排查FPGA的天线接口问题;③ 关键芯片虚焊/接触不良;④ 上电自检模块报故, 开箱检查发现模块故障;⑤ 实时时钟(RTC)电路故障;⑥ 产品壳体应力问题,设备在安装或运输中受到机械应力。 以下原因需在共识原因排查后作为延伸参考,实际处置中应谨慎验证:① FLASH芯片虚焊;② 模块故障引发数据链网络中断,间接影响时钟同步。 | 根据“开箱检查”这一首要步骤的发现,时钟异常复位的最可能原因是硬件模块本身存在功能性故障。具体指向“模块时钟”相关电路,这可能是时钟晶体、振荡器或时钟生成/分配芯片等核心计时元件损坏或不稳定,导致整个模块因基准时钟信号异常而不断复位。 |
Table 13
Comparison of diagnostic results between proposed method and tensor decomposition method
| 方法 | 第1组(本文方法) | 第3组(张量分解推理方法) |
|---|---|---|
| 故障现象 | 时钟异常复位 | |
| 最终输出 | 时钟异常复位根据共识原因,主要可能涉及:① FLASH存储器故障、生产返工导致FLASH故障;② 模块485总线功率放大单元, 功率放大单元接口板D201芯片故障, 排查FPGA的天线接口问题;③ 关键芯片虚焊/接触不良;④ 上电自检模块报故, 开箱检查发现模块故障;⑤ 实时时钟(RTC)电路故障;⑥ 产品壳体应力问题,设备在安装或运输中受到机械应力。 以下原因需在共识原因排查后作为延伸参考,实际处置中应谨慎验证:① FLASH芯片虚焊;② 模块故障引发数据链网络中断,间接影响时钟同步。 | 开箱检查发现模块故障,FLASH存储器故障,…,生产返工导致FLASH存储器故障 |
Table 14
Comparison of diagnostic results between proposed method and large model reasoning method
| 方法 | 第1组(本文方法) | 第4组(大模型推理方法) |
|---|---|---|
| 故障现象 | 时钟异常复位 | |
| 最终输出 | 时钟异常复位根据共识原因,主要可能涉及:① FLASH存储器故障、生产返工导致FLASH故障;② 模块485总线功率放大单元, 功率放大单元接口板D201芯片故障,排查FPGA的天线接口问题;③ 关键芯片虚焊/接触不良;④ 上电自检模块报故, 开箱检查发现模块故障;⑤ 实时时钟(RTC)电路故障;⑥ 产品壳体应力问题,设备在安装或运输中受到机械应力。 以下原因需在共识原因排查后作为延伸参考,实际处置中应谨慎验证:① FLASH芯片虚焊;② 模块故障引发数据链网络中断,间接影响时钟同步。 | 时钟出现异常复位,通常是由于其“心跳”——时钟信号——变得不稳定造成的。主要原因包括:外部晶体或谐振器因物理损坏、负载电容不匹配而起振不良;电源电压不稳、跌落或存在噪声干扰;以及电磁干扰过强或PCB布局不合理影响了时钟信号的完整性。这些硬件问题会导致微处理器运行错乱,最终触发内部保护机制而强制复位。 |
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