新一代超声速客机总体气动技术挑战与展望

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32069

Abstract

Abstract:

Supersonic passenger aircraft can fly at speeds exceeding the speed of sound for extended periods along flight routes， reducing the flight time of long-haul flights operated by subsonic passenger aircraft by more than half and significantly improving journey comfort. Therefore， green and efficient supersonic passenger aircraft has once again become a research hotspot in the civil aviation field. This paper first briefly reviews the development history of supersonic passenger aircraft. It then focuses on summarizing the technical challenges in the overall aerodynamics that need to be addressed for the operational deployment of supersonic passenger aircraft， including multidisciplinary design optimization technology， integrated airframe-propulsion system design technology， external vision fusion cockpit design technology， low sonic boom design technology， sonic boom suppression technology， supersonic cruise drag reduction technology， and sonic boom wind tunnel test technology. Finally， it discusses the development directions of key technologies for supersonic passenger aircraft.

Key words: supersonic passenger aircraft, multidisciplinary design optimization, integrated airframe-propulsion system, external vision fusion, sonic boom, supersonic cruise drag reduction

CLC Number:

V211

Junfu LI, Yan ZHAO, Wei WANG, Lu XIE, Hui ZHANG, Long WANG, Lin YUAN, Yuting TAN, Yu NING. Challenges and prospects for overall aerodynamic technology of next-generation supersonic passenger aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(20): 532069.

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年份	研究主体	项目	航程/km	马赫数	乘客数	最大起飞质量/t	过压/Pa	地面声爆响度/PLdB
1990s	俄罗斯苏霍伊公司	S-21	5 028	1.4	6~10	51.8
2003	美国湾流公司	Gulfstream QSJ	8 890	1.8	8~14	45.4	7.2
2006	英国克兰菲尔德大学	Cranfield E-5	10 556	1.8	6	45.5
2009	美国超声速航宇公司	SAI QSST	7 408	1.6	8~12	69.4	14.4
2009	欧洲	HISAC-A	7 408	1.6	8	51.1	45.0
2009	欧洲	HISAC-B1	9 260	1.6	8	60.5	74.7
2009	欧洲	HISAC-C	7 408	1.8	8	53.3	20.1
2009	欧洲	Hawker/ Raytheon	9 260	1.8	6~8	54.1	19.2
2010	波音 N+2 NRA		7 408	1.6~1.8	35~70			85
2010	美国Aerion公司	Aerion AS2	8 334	1.4	8~12	54.9
2010	美国斯坦福大学	Uni. Stanford	7 408	1.6	6~8	43.1	20.1
2013	美国	Spike S-512	7 408	1.6	12~18	52.2		70
2013	日本JAXA	JAXA SSBJ-M	6 482	1.6	10	36	46.0
2016	美国NASA	NASA X-59		1.42	1	10.2		75
2016	博姆序曲		7 871	水面1.7陆上0.94	65~80

抑制技术	抑制原理
发动机喷流	喷流使飞机激波反射
能量注入技术（微波/脉冲等）	改变流场波系结构
吹吸气技术	改变流场波系结构
机头薄膜振动技术	薄膜振动改变激波传播方向
机头表面冷却技术	降低头激波传播速度

抑制技术	抑制原理
机头静音锥	激波膨胀波交替出现，阻止激波系合并
后体台阶	激波膨胀波交替出现，阻止激波系合并
热流腹鳍	改变流场波系结构
前掠梁	改变流场波系结构
头部圆盘	改变流场波系结构

Challenges and prospects for overall aerodynamic technology of next-generation supersonic passenger aircraft

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