高超声速再入钝头体飞行走廊等离子体化学反应分析

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31735

Abstract

Abstract:

During hypersonic atmospheric entry， vehicles encounter the “blackout” phenomenon， which severely affects communications. To accurately simulate the plasma flow field， it is essential to rely on accurate chemical reaction models. However， the applicability range of existing models has not been fully defined. This study employs sensitivity analysis to analyze the stagnation line flow field of the spherical nose in the flight corridor， aiming to evaluate five ionization reactions. The study finds that， in the altitude range of 58-64 km and Mach number range of 11-15， only the associative ionization reaction of nitrogen （N） and oxygen （O） atoms needs to be considered. In the altitude range of 64-70 km and Mach number range of 15-19， in addition to the associative ionization reaction of N and O atoms， the associative ionization reaction of O atoms must also be considered. Furthermore， in the altitude range of 64-70 km and Mach number range of 19-22， the associative ionization reaction between N atoms also become significant. Within the flight altitude range of 60-70 km and Mach number range of 22-26， it is necessary to consider the electron-impact ionization reactions of N and O atoms. Meanwhile， all ionization reactions should be taken into account. This study provides important theoretical basis and reference for the selection and application of chemical reaction models， contributing to improving the accuracy and reliability of plasma flow field simulation for re-entry vehicles.

Key words: hypersonic, blackout, plasma flow, chemical reaction model, ionization reaction, sensitivity analysis

CLC Number:

V211.3

Shanyue GUAN, Zhengyu TIAN, Wenjia XIE, Qianyue FU, Yuhang CHU, Jiajun ZHU. Analysis of plasma chemical reactions of hypersonic reentry blunt in flight corridor[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(18): 131735.

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 3

Five ionization reactions involving electrons

序号	种类	反应方程式
反应1	缔合电离反应	$Ν + Ο ⇔ Ν Ο + + e -$
反应2	缔合电离反应	$Ο + Ο ⇔ Ο 2 + + e -$
反应3	缔合电离反应	$Ν + Ν ⇔ Ν 2 + + e -$
反应4	电子碰撞电离反应	$Ο + e - ⇔ Ο + + 2 e -$
反应5	电子碰撞电离反应	$Ν + e - ⇔ Ν + + 2 e -$

Table 3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 4

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Table 5

Important ionization reactions of different altitudes

高度/km	马赫数	重要电离反应
58~64	11~15	$Ν + Ο ⇔ Ν Ο + + e -$
64~70	15~19	$Ν + Ο ⇔ Ν Ο + + e -$ $Ο + Ο ⇔ Ο 2 + + e -$
64~70	19~22	$Ν + Ο ⇔ Ν Ο + + e -$ $Ο + Ο ⇔ Ο 2 + + e -$ ， $Ν + Ν ⇔ Ν 2 + + e -$
60~70	22~26	$Ν + Ο ⇔ Ν Ο + + e -$ $Ο + Ο ⇔ Ο 2 + + e -$ ， $Ν + Ν ⇔ Ν 2 + + e -$ $Ο + e - ⇔ Ο + + 2 e -$ ， $Ν + e - ⇔ Ν + + 2 e -$

Table 5

References 38

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序号	特征值		特征值偏差/%	绝对值较大的特征矢量分量（≥0.1）		特征矢量分量偏差/%
序号	本文	文献［30］	特征值偏差/%	本文	文献［30］	特征矢量分量偏差/%
1	1.756 0×10⁴	1.750×10⁴	0.343	-0.730，0.681	-0.73，0.68	0.074
2	3.667 0×10³	3.650×10³	0.466	-0.715，0.699	-0.72，0.70	0.419
3	14.770 0	14.700	0.476	0.800，-0.597	0.80，-0.60	0.250
4	11.780 0	11.700	0.684	0.909，-0.368，-0.167	0.91，-0.37，-0.17	0.805
5	2.037 0	2.040	-0.147	0.800，0.599	0.80，0.60	0.083
6	1.002 0	1.000	0.200	0.999	1.00	0.100
7	0.936 5	0.937	-0.053	-0.704，-0.664，-0.230	-0.71，-0.66，-0.23	0.483
8	0.872 4	0.872	0.046	-0.901，-0.349，0.194，0.153	-0.90，-0.35，0.19，0.15	1.126
9	4.141 0×10^-4	4.100×10^-4	1.000	0.981，0.178	0.98，0.18	0.607

状态	高度/km	静压/Pa	静温/K	马赫数
v1	61	19.157 50	244.273	24.42
v2	71	4.479 56	216.846	25.92

高度/km	静温/K	静压/Pa	马赫数及状态
58	252.518	28.723 7	11.2（a），13.2（b），15.2（c）
64	236.036	12.605 8	15.0（d），17.0（e），19.0（f）
70	219.585	5.220 9	17.8（g），19.8（h），21.8（i）

Analysis of plasma chemical reactions of hypersonic reentry blunt in flight corridor

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