氢燃料电池混合动力客机关键参数敏感性研究

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31066

Abstract

Abstract:

Hybrid hydrogen fuel cell aircraft is one of the feasible technological routes to reduce carbon emissions in the aviation industry. However， there is a lack of mechanism analysis and quantitative trend research on the impact of different hybrid hydrogen fuel cell technologies on the overall characteristics of aircraft. A sensitivity analysis method for key parameters of hybrid hydrogen fuel cell commercial aircraft is established to study the mechanism and impact trend of key technical parameters on the overall characteristics of the aircraft. Optimal power allocation strategies matching different technological development stages from current to future 10-year are proposed based on projected hydrogen energy developments. Focusing on narrow-body commercial aircraft， sensitivity analysis on key parameters are conducted. The results show that the power density of the hydrogen fuel cell has the greatest impact on the maximum takeoff weight and operating empty weight of the aircraft， while the thrust proportion by hydrogen fuel cell during cruising has the greatest impact on the carbon emissions of the aircraft， as well as the fuel and carbon tax costs. At different technical levels， improving the thrust proportion by hydrogen fuel cell during cruising can generally reduce the maximum takeoff weight and fuel and carbon tax costs of the aircraft， though excessive hydrogen power allocation during takeoff should be avoided. Under anticipated hybrid technology development trajectories， the aircraft can obtain the lightest maximum takeoff weight and the lowest fuel and carbon tax costs when the thrust proportion by hydrogen fuel cell during cruising is 0.4 and the thrust proportion by hydrogen fuel cell during takeoff is 0.15. Compared with the traditional aircraft， the hybrid hydrogen fuel cell commercial aircraft can reduce fuel and carbon tax costs by 15%–26% in the next decade.

Key words: commercial aircraft, conceptual design, sensitivity analysis, hydrogen fuel cell, hybrid power

CLC Number:

V221

Zhouwei FAN, Chuihuan KONG, Ming LIU, Zhaoguang TAN. Sensitivity analysis on key parameters of hybrid hydrogen fuel cell commercial aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(9): 631066.

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场景	约束参数
正常起飞	起飞场长
起飞单发失效	爬升梯度
巡航	巡航高度、巡航马赫数、巡航可用爬升率
进近	进近速度
正常着陆	着陆场长
着陆复飞	复飞爬升梯度

成本类型	未来预测值
航空燃油价格^［29］/（元·kg^-1）	9.3
液氢价格^［30］/（元·kg^-1）	14.3
碳税^［30］/（元·kg^-1）	1.6

参数	当前值	预测值
燃料电池系统功率密度^［33］/（kW·kg^-1）	1.5	3.5
电机功率密度^［23］/（kW·kg^-1）	5	10
燃料电池系统效率^［33］	0.60	0.75
电机效率^［23］	0.90	0.95
储氢罐储氢比^［20］	0.6	0.8

场景	约束参数	约束范围
正常起飞	起飞场长/m	≤2 200
起飞单发失效	爬升梯度^［26］/%	≥2.7
巡航	巡航高度/m	11 000
	巡航马赫数Ma	0.785
	巡航可用爬升率/（m·s^-1）	≥0.5
进近	进近速度/（m·s^-1）	≤72
正常着陆	着陆场长/m	≤1 800
着陆复飞	复飞爬升梯度^［26］/%	≥2.4

参数	最小值	默认值	最大值
氢燃料电池功率密度/（kW·kg^-1）	1.2	3.5	4.2
电机功率密度/（kW·kg^-1）	4	10	12
储氢罐储氢比	0.48	0.80	0.96
起飞时氢燃料电池提供的推力占比	0.05	0.10	0.15
巡航时氢燃料电池提供的推力占比	0.1	0.2	0.4

Sensitivity analysis on key parameters of hybrid hydrogen fuel cell commercial aircraft

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