坠撞环境下乘员伤害分析及飞机适坠性评估

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28786

Abstract

Abstract:

To analyze the dynamic response of fuselage section and occupant injury under crash scenarios， the vertical drop test of typical fuselage section of large aircraft （including two sets of triple seats and four dummies） at 6.02 m/s was conducted. The crash response data of fuselage section and occupants were obtained， and the crash damage of fuselage section and occupant injury were analyzed， and the evaluation of aircraft crashworthiness was conducted through considering survivable volume， retention strength， occupant injury and emergency evacuation. The drop test results show that the sub-cabin floor structures suffer the serious deformation and damage， and three plastic hinges are generated in the sub-cargo middle supporting columns area and the connection areas between the both sides cabin supporting columns and fuselage frames. The cabin area is remained basically intact， and the survivable volume is maintained. The connections between the seats and the cabin floor guide rail are maintained in good condition， and the occupant seat belts are kept in place. The maximum value of head injury criterion is 31.47， and the maximum compressive load of occupant lumbar spine is 3 997.2 N. The dummies lean towards the aisle， and the occupant egress paths are maintained. The risk of occupant injury is relatively low at the vertical velocity of 6.02 m/s through conducting the aircraft crashworthiness evaluation.

Key words: fuselage section, structural crash response, occupant crash response, occupant injury analysis, crashworthiness evaluation

CLC Number:

V223⁺.2

Haolei MOU, Weiwei XIE, Jiang XIE, Zhenyu FENG, Lanhui LIN. Occupant injury analysis and aircraft crashworthiness evaluation under crash scenarios[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(3): 228786.

Figures/Tables 26

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名称	质量/kg	占比/%
合计	814	100
客舱地板下部结构	382	46.93
座椅及约束系统	35×2=70	8.60
乘员假人	78×4=312	38.33
测试设备和配重等	50	6.14

名称	试验件质量/kg	有限元模型质量/kg	偏差/%
合计	814	817	0.3
客舱地板下部结构	382	369	-3.4
座椅及约束系统	35×2=70	70	0
乘员假人	78×4=312	78×4=312	0
测试设备和配重等	50	66	32

部件	材料	密度ρ/（10^-6 kg·mm^-3）	弹性模量E/GPa	泊松比μ	屈服应力σ_y/MPa	极限应变ε
机身框（含剪切角片）	2024-T42	2.67	72.4	0.33	275.000	0.18
长桁	2099-T83	2.63	78.6	0.31	475.755	0.10
蒙皮	2024-T3	2.67	72.4	0.33	324.065	0.16
货舱纵梁	2196-T8511	2.63	76.5	0.31	510.230	0.10
地板连接角片，立柱	7075-T7351	2.70	72.4	0.33	623.000	0.10
上部桁架	钢	7.80	210.0	0.30

牌号	材料	密度ρ/（10^-6 kg·mm^-3）	弹性模量E/GPa	泊松比μ	屈服应力σ_y/MPa	极限拉伸载荷 N_u/N	极限剪切载荷 T_u/N
MS20470AD5-6	7050-T73	2.82	72.4	0.33	441.3	5 093	3 738
NAS1097KE5-6	7050-T73	2.82	72.4	0.33	441.3	3 665	5 051
MS20470E5-6	2017-T4	2.70	72.4	0.33	379.2	6 300	4 389
NAS1465-03	合金钢	7.80	210.0	0.33	500.0	7 702	9 359
CFBL1001AG5-2	钛合金	4.50	117.0	0.33
CFBL1002AG5-2	钛合金	4.50	117.0	0.33
CFBL1003AG5-2	钛合金	4.50	117.0	0.33

考核指标	考核项	试验结果	评估准则	备注
可生存空间	客舱变形	客舱宽度与高度未发生较大变形	≤15%	满足
可生存空间	座椅导轨、地板梁	客舱地板横梁未发生明显变形	结构主体较完整	满足
系留强度	座椅连接	座椅椅腿与地板导轨处的连接均保持完好	可以发生塑性变形，必须始终连接在座椅导轨上	满足
系留强度	头顶行李舱	未考虑	行李舱不能脱落，伤害乘员或影响撤离通道	未考虑
乘员损伤	HIC	头部HIC最大值为31.47	HIC≤1 000	满足
	腰椎载荷	腰椎载荷最大值为3 997.2 N	最大压缩载荷≤6 672 N	满足
	安全带载荷	未考虑	单系带拉伸载荷≤7 784 N	未考虑
	股骨载荷	未考虑	轴向压缩载荷≤10 008 N	未考虑
应急撤离	座椅强度	座椅结构未发生大变形	座椅变形不能困住乘员	满足
	过道宽度	座椅结构未发生大变形，未侵入过道，过道通畅	距地板635 mm以上，过道宽度≥510 mm，过道通畅	满足
	应急舱门	未考虑	结构变形不能妨碍应急舱门打开	未考虑

Occupant injury analysis and aircraft crashworthiness evaluation under crash scenarios

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