仿信天翁变形翼动态滑翔获能特性

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30576

Abstract

Abstract:

Albatrosses can achieve long-distance migrations without flapping their wings by utilizing the horizontal wind gradient above the sea. Their gliding mode is known as dynamic soaring， which has great potential in improving the range， endurance， and wind resistance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles （UAVs）. However， current UAVs are suffering from low energy harvesting efficiency， which hinders the full realization of the advantages of dynamic soaring， and poses a bottleneck for UAV applications. This paper aims to address the problem of UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency. Based on the results of previous research on wing morphing， research on the albatross-inspired morphing wing is conducted to analyze the impact of wing morphing on the characteristics of dynamic soaring energy harvesting. An albatross-inspired morphing wing is designed， and its aerodynamic performance and morphing modes are simulated. An aerodynamic surrogate model and trajectory optimization are used to investigate the influence of wing morphing on dynamic soaring trajectories and energy harvesting efficiency， as well as to analyze the underlying mechanisms of wing morphing. The results show that wing morphing increases the endurance of UAV dynamic soaring by 12.7%， and improves the overall energy harvesting efficiency by over 16.8%. The UAV can choose the corresponding wing morphing pattern in different dynamic soaring phases to increase lift or reduce drag， so as to ensure the best lift-drag ratio. The lift-drag ratio of the morphing wing is greater than the fixed wing in flight， with a maximum of 20.1% higher lift-drag ratio. The optimal wing morphing pattern of UAV dynamic soaring obtained is similar to the real wing deformation law of the albatross， and the influence of wing morphing on UAV dynamic soaring energy harvesting efficiency and the feasible morphing patterns are defined.

Key words: dynamic soaring, wing morphing, trajectory optimization, Kriging surrogate model, energy harvesting efficiency

CLC Number:

Wei WANG, Weigang AN, Bifeng SONG, Wenqing YANG. Dynamic soaring performance of albatross-inspired morphing wing[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(24): 630576.

Figures/Tables 25

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 1

Albatross-inspired wing configuration parameters

参数	测量值/m
肱骨展长AB（ $b 1$ ）	0.336
桡骨展长BC（ $b 2$ ）	0.369
腕掌骨及飞羽展长CD（ $b 3$ ）	0.850
肩关节弦长AH（ $c 1$ ）	0.326
肘关节弦长BG（ $c 2$ ）	0.230
腕关节弦长CF（ $c 3$ ）	0.250

Table 1

Table 2

Albatross-inspired morphing wing kinematic pair parameters and degree of freedom

运动副位置	扭转变形 $θ$ /（°）	前后掠变形 $σ$ /（°）	上下反变形 $δ$ /（°）
肩关节（A）	$- 15,15$	$- 30,45$	$[- 45,45]$
肘关节（B）		$- 45,0$
腕关节（C）		$0,30$	$[- 45,45]$

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Table 5

Flight simulation conditions

状态	位置	速度/（m·s^-1）	欧拉角/（°）
初始状态	$[x 0, y 0, z 0] = [0,0, 5]$	$V a 0 = 20$	$[ϕ 0, γ 0, ψ 0] = [0,0, 0]$
终末状态	$[x f, y f, z f] = [0,0, 5]$	$V a f = 20$	$[ϕ f, γ f, ψ f] = [0,0, 0]$

Table 5

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Table 6

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

Fig.19

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参数	数值
质量/kg	9.44
最大展弦比/m	15.2
平均气动弦长/m	0.205
最大翼面积/m²	0.638

参数	数值
雷诺数/10⁴	40
飞行速度/（m·s^-1）	20
网格量	8 460 084

机翼	所需最小风梯度/s^-1	能量峰值/J	能量谷值/J	能量变化幅度/J
固定翼	0.271 3	2 387.088	2 022.389	364.699
变形翼	0.225 7	2 378.698	2 061.308	317.391

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Dynamic soaring performance of albatross-inspired morphing wing

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