污染组分对超燃冲压发动机工作特性影响

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30027

Abstract

Abstract:

Characteristics of internal flow and combustion in the scramjet engine have been constantly and extensively investigated， with experimental research strongly reliant on the combustion heated facilities. The combustion of fuels such as alcohol， hydrogen， and kerosene is able to heat the tested gas to the designed conditions， and the mole fraction of oxygen is ensured by the oxygen supplementation. Meanwhile， the combustion of fuels inevitably imports multiple vitiated air contaminants， the existence of which in the combustion heated facilities deviates the ground-test results from those obtained in the actual atmospheric flight conditions. Vitiation effects thus become an urgent problem to solve for improving the accuracy of ground-test result extrapolation. This paper comprehensively reviews five typical aspects， including the vitiation effects on ignition characteristics， scramjet performance， combustion mode transition， typical flow-parameter-matching scheme， and vitiation effect correction. The research progress of vitiation effects has also been introduced.The results show that in most cases， the vitiation component H₂O will reduce the ignition delay time and promote fuel ignition， CO₂ will inhibit combustion and free radicals and intermediates will significantly promote ignition for methane， ethylene， kerosene and other fuels. The inhibition effect of CO₂ on combustion is more significant than that of H₂O with the same mole fraction， and the inhibition effect shows a nonlinear trend. At present， the parameter matching schemes commonly used are difficult to reduce the vitiation effects， that is， the deviation of the results obtained from the ground test and the real flight test in the wide range of velocity and equivalent ratio. The correction of vitiation effects is still difficult to achieve.

Key words: scramjet, vitiation component, ignition characteristics, combustion mode transition, flow-parameter-matching scheme, vitiation effect correction

CLC Number:

V475

Wen SHI, Jialing LE, Ye TIAN. Vitiation effects on scramjet operational characteristics[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(19): 30027.

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组分	摩尔分数/%
组分	真实飞行	电弧风洞	H₂燃烧风洞	CH₄燃烧风洞	C₃H₈燃烧风洞	CH₃N₂H₃+N₂O₄燃烧风洞
H₂O	≪1	0.1	5~33	3~21	2~15	3~21
CO₂	0.03	0.03	0.03	1.4~10	1.7~11	1.1~7
CO	0	0	0	≤0.2	≤0.3	≤0.1
NO	<0.01	0.2~3.5	≤1.4	≤1.6	≤1.8	≤1.5
O₃	<0.001

Ma_∞	T_t0/K	H_t0/MJ	质量组分百分比			相对分子质量	φ=1空燃比
Ma_∞	T_t0/K	H_t0/MJ	H₂O	CO₂	N₂	相对分子质量	φ=1空燃比
4	850	0.61	0.06	0.24	0.70	27.92	14.13
5	1 150	1.00	0.10	0.25	0.61	27.36	13.87
6	1 495	1.52	0.14	0.25	0.61	26.74	13.53
7	1 850	2.13	0.20	0.26	0.54	26.00	13.16

Ma_∞	T_t0/K	H_t0/MJ	质量组分百分比			相对分子质量	φ=1空燃比
Ma_∞	T_t0/K	H_t0/MJ	H₂O	CO₂	N₂	相对分子质量	φ=1空燃比
4	877	0.65	0.06	0.24	0.70	27.88	14.11
5	1 250	1.12	0.10	0.25	0.65	27.28	13.80
6	1 650	1.77	0.17	0.26	0.58	26.40	13.28
7	2 130	2.66	0.25	0.26	0.49	25.38	12.84

Ma_∞	T_t0/K	H_t0/MJ	质量组分百分比				相对分子质量	φ=1空燃比
Ma_∞	T_t0/K	H_t0/MJ	H₂O	CO₂	O₂	N₂	相对分子质量	φ=1空燃比
4	860	0.61	0.04	0.06	0.23	0.67	28.88	14.47
5	1 170	1.00	0.05	0.09	0.23	0.62	28.90	14.63
6	1 550	1.52	0.08	0.13	0.23	0.56	28.92	14.64
7	1 955	2.13	0.11	0.17	0.23	0.49	28.96	14.66

污染组分	理论摩尔分数%	试验摩尔分数%	模拟条件
H₂O	7.5	7.6	Ma_∞ =4氢气、甲烷、酒精燃烧加热器
	18	16.6	Ma_∞ =6氢气燃烧加热器，Ma_∞ =7甲烷、酒精燃烧加热器
	26	25.2	Ma_∞ =7氢气燃烧加热器
CO₂	3.0	3.4	Ma_∞ =4甲烷、酒精燃烧加热器
CO₂	7.5	7.4	Ma_∞ =5甲烷、酒精燃烧加热器

Vitiation effects on scramjet operational characteristics

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次级产物	摩尔分数	主要组分	摩尔分数
CH₄	9.19×10^-19	H₂	0.000 161 8
CH₃	7.22×10^-18	H	0.000 200 3
CH₂O	8.68×10^-12	CO	0.005 030 2
HCN	8.93×10^-11	OH	0.006 121 2
N	1.06×10^-10	O	0.007 259 3
HCO	7.47×10^-9	CO₂	0.071 205 3
NO₂	5.16×10^-8	H₂O	0.112 000 0
NO	8.39×10^-7	O₂	0.210 009
HO₂	4.21×10^-6	N₂	0.588 009

当量比	燃烧室入口参数				喷注参数
当量比	污染组分	总压/kPa	总温/K	马赫数	总压/kPa	总温/K	马赫数
0.73	纯空气	810	840	2	5 940	300	1
	5.3%H₂O	825	839	2	5 940	300	1
	8.3% H₂O	821	850	2	5 940	300	1
	5.21%H₂O+4.66%CO₂	811	845	2	5 650	300	1
0.53	纯空气	811	830	2	4 260	300	1
	4.36%H₂O	822	840	2	4 050	300	1
	4.6%H₂O+3.75%CO₂	827	840	2	4 115	300	1
1.00	纯空气	2 040	1 665	2.33	5 600	330	1
1.00	11.67%H₂O+7.77%CO₂	2 040	1 665	2.33	5 580	330	1

隔离段入口马赫数	总压/kPa	总温/K	总温相同		总焓相同		壅塞位置	工况
隔离段入口马赫数	总压/kPa	总温/K	当量比（纯空气）	当量比（污染来流）	当量比（纯空气）	总温/K	壅塞位置	工况
1.85	450	876	0.08~0.09	0.08~0.09	0.07~0.08	862	等截面处	a
2	330	1 200	0.18~0.19	0.20~0.21	0.18~0.19	1 161
2	830	1 169	0.18~0.19	0.19~0.20	0.18~0.19	1 134		b
2.2	813	1 257	0.26~0.27	0.27~0.28	0.24~0.25	1 212	扩张段	c
2.5	1 000	1 200	0.29~0.30	0.30~0.31	0.28~0.29	1 161	扩张段	d

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