基于单星光学测角的初轨确定可观测性分析

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28798

Abstract

Abstract:

Initial orbit determination based on bearings-only measurements is an important research direction in space situational awareness. The research in this field mainly focuses on how to determine the initial orbit using bearings-only measurement. Some studies have explored the observability of initial orbit determination under specific conditions， but there is still a lack of general theoretical proof of observability. Under the assumption of an ideal two-body motion model， this article theoretically proves that except for the two scenarios of coplanar orbit and twin orbits， the target orbit can be uniquely determined based on single satellite bearings-only measurement， that is， the initial orbit determination is generally observable. The conclusion is also verified by numerical simulation. This conclusion reveals some basic characteristics of the problem of initial orbit determination for space-based optical observations， and is helpful for further optimizing the algorithms for initial orbit determination.

Key words: single satellite, initial orbit determination, bearings-only measurement, two-body system, observability

CLC Number:

V412.41

Pu WANG, Wei AN, Weidong SHENG, Tianyu YAN. Observability analysis of initial orbit determination with bearings-only measurements from single satellite[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(15): 528798-528798.

Figures/Tables 10

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参数	低轨	中轨	高轨
参数	低轨	中轨	GEO	IGSO
半长轴/km	7 578.137	12 578.137	42 164.2	42 164.2
偏心率	0	0.461 118	0	0
轨道倾角/（°）	50.435	43.435	0	20
升交点赤经/（°）	199.066	61.067	0	0
近心点辐角/（°）	0	270	0	0
过近拱点时间/s	0	1 524.7	85 940.6	47 645.5

场景编号	观测卫星	空间目标	弧段时长/s	观测间隔/s
1	低轨	中轨	60	1
2	低轨	高轨-IGSO	60	1
3	中轨	高轨-IGSO	60	1
4	高轨-GEO	高轨-IGSO	60	1

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Observability analysis of initial orbit determination with bearings-only measurements from single satellite

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