航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (4): 332339-332339   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32339

永磁同步电机断电能量回馈的瞬态冲击电流抑制策略

蔡孟江, 曹鑫(), 崔强   

  1. 南京航空航天大学 自动化学院,南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 修回日期:2025-07-01 接受日期:2025-08-21 出版日期:2025-09-08 发布日期:2025-09-05
  • 通讯作者: 曹鑫 E-mail:caoxin@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52377056);国家自然科学基金(52177049)

Transient inrush current suppression strategy for power-off energy feedback of permanent magnet synchronous motor

Mengjiang CAI, Xin CAO(), Qiang CUI   

  1. College of Automation Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
  • Received:2025-05-30 Revised:2025-07-01 Accepted:2025-08-21 Online:2025-09-08 Published:2025-09-05
  • Contact: Xin CAO E-mail:caoxin@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52377056)

摘要:

在航空航天领域的磁悬浮电机系统中,悬浮系统的断电保护机制尤为重要。当高速运转的转子因突发断电而脱离主动控制时,悬浮系统中的永磁同步电机(PMSM)须立即切换至能量回馈供电工况以维持悬浮稳定性,但会因电磁耦合引发远超于额定值的瞬态冲击电流,易造成功率器件击穿,电机绕组绝缘受损等问题。为抑制该冲击电流,提出了一种基于馈电电压轨迹规划的冲击电流抑制策略。通过建立中点钳位(NPC)型三电平变流器驱动的PMSM馈电工况数学模型,揭示了其冲击电流的产生机理,设计了基于轨迹规划的分段给定电压方法。实验结果表明,所提策略在可控切换时间内,使空载与带载冲击电流分别降幅42%和47%。与传统“斜坡”和“S”型规划曲线比,所提基于电压轨迹规划的分段给定方法可在目标电压响应速度与冲击电流幅值抑制这2个相互制约的指标之间取得更优的平衡效果。

关键词: 永磁同步电机, 三电平变流器, 工况切换, 冲击电流, 断电能量回馈

Abstract:

The power-off protection mechanism of the maglev system is particularly important in the field of aerospace. When a high speed running rotor disengages from active control due to a sudden power-off, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in the levitation system must immediately switch to an energy feedback power supply mode to maintain levitation stability. This process, however, induces transient inrush currents far exceeding rated values through electromagnetic coupling, leading to risks such as power device breakdown and motor winding insulation damage. To suppress the inrush current, this paper proposes an inrush current suppression strategy based on feeding voltage trajectory planning. By establishing a feeding mathematical model of PMSM driven by a three-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) converter, the mechanism of inrush-current generation is analyzed, and a segmented given voltage method based on trajectory planning is designed. Experimental results confirm that the proposed strategy achieves 42% and 47% reductions in no-load and loaded inrush currents within a controllable switching time. Compared with conventional “ramp”-and “S”-curves trajectory planning strategy, the proposed segmented given method based on trajectory planning achieves a better balance between the target voltage response speed and inrush current magnitude suppression, effectively mitigating the conflict between these two competing objectives.

Key words: permanent magnet synchronous motor, three-level converter, operation mode switching, inrush current, power-off energy feedback

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