航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (20): 531935-531935   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31935

面向超声速民机近/中场声爆传播的空间推进高精度数值模拟方法

张力文1,2, 韩忠华1,2(), 张科施1,2, 宋科1,2, 宋文萍1,2   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 航空学院 气动与多学科优化设计研究所,西安 710072
    2.飞行器基础布局全国重点实验室,西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04 修回日期:2024-04-02 接受日期:2024-04-29 出版日期:2025-05-07 发布日期:2025-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 韩忠华 E-mail:hanzh@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52472385);国家自然科学基金(12072285);国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3002800)

High-fidelity numerical simulation of near-/mid-field sonic boom propagation using a space-marching method for supersonic civil aircraft

Liwen ZHANG1,2, Zhonghua HAN1,2(), Keshi ZHANG1,2, Ke SONG1,2, Wenping SONG1,2   

  1. 1.Institute of Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization,School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2024-03-04 Revised:2024-04-02 Accepted:2024-04-29 Online:2025-05-07 Published:2025-05-06
  • Contact: Zhonghua HAN E-mail:hanzh@nwpu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472385);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3002800)

摘要:

对于超声速民机近/中场声爆传播的数值模拟,传统基于时间推进求解格式的CFD方法计算量大,基于广义Burgers方程的声学传播方法难以模拟三维流动中的速度、密度等变量。提出了一种空间推进高精度数值模拟方法,并自主开发了声爆传播仿真程序“SMFlow3D”。该方法模拟近/中场声爆的流程如下:首先,生成网格线沿马赫角分布的锥型网格;然后,将距离飞机1倍机身长度位置处的周向密度、速度和压力信息插值到锥型网格的节点上,作为推进求解初值;最后,基于有限差分方法框架,采用三阶Runge-Kutta方法,沿后马赫锥方向推进求解曲线坐标系下的三维定常控制方程。采用该方法对AIAA第二届声爆预测研讨会低声爆标模JWB的近/中场波系演化进行模拟,分别与传统时间推进CFD方法和基于广义Burgers方程的声学传播方法的结果进行对比,验证了其正确性和有效性。针对三角翼翼身组合体模型的近场声爆传播算例研究表明,与传统时间推进CFD方法相比,本发展方法能够节省约97.3%的计算时间,并且可以提高激波系的捕捉精度。本发展方法能够为声爆快速预测和波系演化分析提供有效的方法与工具。

关键词: 超声速民机, 声爆, 声爆传播, 空间推进格式, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

For the numerical simulation of near-/mid-field sonic boom propagation of a supersonic civil aircraft, the conventional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using a time-marching method is computationally intensive, while the acoustic propagation method based on solving the augmented Burgers equation has difficulty in simulating velocity and density variations of three-dimensional flows. To address these problems, a high-fidelity numerical simulation method of using a space-marching approach is proposed, and an in-house code “SMFlow3D” is developed. The simulation procedure consists of three steps. First, a structured Mach-aligned grid of a conical shape is generated. Second, circumferential distributions of density, velocity, and pressure variables are extracted at one-body length distance from a supersonic aircraft, and are interpolated to the grid nodes as initial conditions. Third, within a finite difference method framework, three-dimensional steady governing equations in a curvilinear coordinate system are solved along the post-Mach cone direction using a third-order Runge-Kutta method. The developed method was applied to simulate the near-/mid-field sonic boom propagation for the JAXA Wing Body (JWB) model, which was proposed in the 2nd Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop. The predicted sonic-boom waveforms are compared with the results obtained from conventional CFD method and acoustic propagation method based on the augmented Burgers equation, validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the developed method. Furthermore, near-field simulation for a Delta Wing Body model demonstrates that, compared to conventional CFD method, the developed method reduces computational time by approximately 97.3%, while improving the precision of shock capturing. The developed method can provide support for rapid prediction of sonic boom and analysis of shock system evolution.

Key words: supersonic civil aircraft, sonic boom, sonic boom propagation, space-marching method, computational fluid dynamics

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