航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (8): 132772-132772   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32772

液体火箭反推进再入过程底部热环境与流动特性

郑昊1, 唐勇1,2(), 陈湘男1, 李霁1, 林志强2, 石保禄1,2   

  1. 1.北京理工大学 空天科学与技术学院,北京 100081
    2.北京理工大学(珠海) 空天信息学域,珠海 519088
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-10-23 接受日期:2025-11-28 出版日期:2025-12-17 发布日期:2025-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 唐勇 E-mail:tangyong@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    民用航天技术预先研究项目(D020201)

Base-region thermal environment and flow characteristics of liquid rocket in retro-propulsion re-entry process

Hao ZHENG1, Yong TANG1,2(), Xiangnan CHEN1, Ji LI1, Zhiqiang LIN2, Baolu SHI1,2   

  1. 1.School of Aerospace Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
    2.Domain of Aerospace Information,Zhuhai Campus,Beijing Institute of Technology,Zhuhai 519088,China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-10-23 Accepted:2025-11-28 Online:2025-12-17 Published:2025-12-15
  • Contact: Yong TANG E-mail:tangyong@bit.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Civil Aerospace Technology Pre-Research Project(D020201)

摘要:

可重复使用液体火箭是未来航天运输系统的重要发展方向,火箭垂直再入过程中底部发动机以非规则构型迎风下降,局部热环境和流动特性十分复杂。针对猎鹰9号v1.2的构型设计箭体,根据再入过程的特点选取了高空动力减速、高空气动减速、低空气动减速、低空动力减速4个典型阶段,开展了发动机迎风再入绕流气动特性仿真研究。再入过程箭体热环境呈高度瞬态、非均匀特征,羽流结构随高度和发动机工况发生显著变化。动力减速阶段因羽流-来流强耦合,其流动紊乱程度与热流峰值均显著高于气动减速阶段。二次燃烧对低空远场羽流的热影响具有全域性。4个典型阶段中,最大热流始终集中于喷管出口外沿及箭体底部边缘区域,峰值可达380 kW/m2,所得结论可为发动机热防护设计提供支撑。

关键词: 可重复使用, 火箭回收, 垂直再入, 热环境, 流动特性

Abstract:

Reusable liquid-propellant launch vehicles constitute a pivotal direction for future space transportation systems. During vertical re-entry of a rocket, the aft-mounted engines descend in an irregular configuration facing the freestream. The local thermal environment and flow characteristics are highly complex. A simulation study of the flow over a Falcon 9 v1.2 derived geometry was conducted for four representative re-entry phases: high-altitude powered deceleration, high-altitude aerodynamic deceleration, low-altitude aerodynamic deceleration, and low-altitude powered deceleration. The vehicle thermal environment is markedly transient and non-uniform: plume morphology evolves continuously with altitude and engine operating condition. Powered deceleration phases exhibit substantially stronger flow disturbances and heat-flux maxima than aerodynamic deceleration phases owing to intense plume-freestream coupling. Secondary combustion exerts a global thermal influence on the far-field plume at low altitude. Across the four characteristic stages, the peak heat flux persistently localizes at the nozzle lip and the aft-edge of the rocket base, reaching 380 kW/m2, these data constitute a quantitative basis for engine thermal-protection design.

Key words: reusable, rocket recovery, vertical re-entry, thermal environment, flow characteristics

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