收稿日期:2024-05-21
修回日期:2024-06-29
接受日期:2024-08-26
出版日期:2024-09-24
发布日期:2024-09-20
通讯作者:
陈少飞
E-mail:chensf005@163.com
基金资助:
Zhenzhen HU, Shaofei CHEN(
), Peng LI, Jiaxing CHEN, Yu ZHANG, Jing CHEN
Received:2024-05-21
Revised:2024-06-29
Accepted:2024-08-26
Online:2024-09-24
Published:2024-09-20
Contact:
Shaofei CHEN
E-mail:chensf005@163.com
Supported by:摘要:
为解释和分析对手的空战策略,针对现有空战策略认知手段欠缺的问题,提出了一种面向一对一超视距(BVR)空战的显式对手建模(EOM)方法。将超视距空战问题视作不完美信息博弈,将时空连续的空战过程离散化,抽象出不同类型的空战行动,引入决策点概念来聚合同分布信息集,定义关键决策变量来考察影响行动的关键因素,利用非参数化机器学习方法构建易于理解的对手策略模型,即决策点上行动概率分布随关键决策变量变化的模型。利用模拟超视距空战开展复盘分析表明,利用该方法构建策略模型相比现有方法能更全面地解释对手的行动和分析对手的弱点,可为策略优化和装备发展提供建议。
中图分类号:
胡振震, 陈少飞, 李鹏, 陈佳星, 张煜, 陈璟. 基于显式对手建模的一对一超视距空战策略认知[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(4): 330711.
Zhenzhen HU, Shaofei CHEN, Peng LI, Jiaxing CHEN, Yu ZHANG, Jing CHEN. Opponent strategy cognition of one-on-one BVR air combat based on explicit opponent modeling[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(4): 330711.
表 1
从不同角度观察的对手决策依赖信息
| 决策依赖信息 | 从对手自身看 | 从建模一方看 | 第三方遥测 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 位置(经纬高) | 已知 | 探测到时可观 | 可观 |
| 运动(速度、加速度等) | 已知 | 探测到时可观 | 可观 |
| 姿态(航向、俯仰等) | 已知 | 探测到时可观 | 可观 |
| 是否探测到目标 | 已知 | 不可观,探测到时 可合理推测 | 不可观, 但可合理推测 |
| 是否有目标告警 | 已知 | 不可观,探测到时 可合理推测 | 不可观, 但可合理推测 |
| 历史行动 | 已知 | 探测到时可观 | 可观 |
| 导弹类型数量 | 已知 | 不可观 | 不可观 |
| 诱饵数量 | 已知 | 不可观 | 不可观 |
| 雷达指向 | 已知 | 告警时方向可观 | 不可观 |
| 油量 | 已知 | 不可观 | 不可观 |
| 装备性能 | 已知 | 不可观 | 不可观 |
| 飞机目标位置(方位、俯仰、距离) | 探测到时可观 | 已知 | 可观 |
| 飞机目标运动(速度、加速度等) | 探测到时可观 | 已知 | 可观 |
| 飞机目标姿态(航向、俯仰等) | 探测到时可观 | 已知 | 可观 |
| 飞机目标相对几何关系(进入角、提前(方位)角) | 探测到时可观 | 探测到时可观 | 可观 |
| 飞机目标隐藏信息 | 不可观 | 已知 | 不可观 |
| 导弹目标位置(方位、俯仰、距离) | 探测到时可观, 告警时方向可观 | 已知 | 可观 |
| 导弹目标运动(速度、加速度等) | 探测到时可观 | 已知 | 可观 |
| 导弹目标姿态(航向、俯仰等) | 探测到时可观 | 已知 | 可观 |
| 导弹目标相对几何关系(进入角、提前(方位)角) | 探测到时可观 | 探测到时可观 | 可观 |
表 2
超视距空战中的决策点定义
| 序号 | 飞机探测 | 飞机告警 | 导弹探测 | 导弹告警 | 主要任务 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | False | False | False | False | 预判性巡航或准备对向 |
| 1 | False | False | False | True | 躲避导弹或再次对向 |
| 2 | False | False | True | False | 躲避导弹 |
| 3 | False | False | True | True | 躲避导弹 |
| 4 | False | True | False | False | 探测目标或躲避探测 |
| 5 | False | True | False | True | 躲避导弹并考虑对向 |
| 6 | False | True | True | False | 躲避导弹 |
| 7 | False | True | True | True | 躲避导弹 |
| 8 | True | False | False | False | 靠近目标并攻击 |
| 9 | True | False | False | True | 躲避导弹并考虑靠近目标和攻击 |
| 10 | True | False | True | False | 躲避导弹并考虑靠近目标和攻击 |
| 11 | True | False | True | True | 躲避导弹并考虑靠近目标和攻击 |
| 12 | True | True | False | False | 靠近目标并攻击 |
| 13 | True | True | False | True | 躲避导弹并考虑靠近目标和攻击 |
| 14 | True | True | True | False | 躲避导弹并考虑靠近目标和攻击 |
| 15 | True | True | True | True | 躲避导弹并考虑靠近目标和攻击 |
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