航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (14): 333591-333591   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33591

北斗+5G综合时空网赋能低空经济:技术架构、应用实践与未来展望

施闯1,2,3,4, 李坤雷2,3, 王家乐1,3,4,5(), 夏鸣1,3,4, 陈诗军3,6, 蒋鑫3,7, 李侠宇3,8, 万屹3,8, 张贺3,9, 金耀3,9   

  1. 1.北京航空航天大学 空间与地球科学学院,北京 100191
    2.北京航空航天大学 电子信息工程学院,北京 100191
    3.卫星导航与移动通信融合技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,北京 100191
    4.空地一体新航行系统技术全国重点实验室,北京 100191
    5.香港理工大学 土地测量及地理资讯学系,香港 999077
    6.中兴通讯股份有限公司,深圳 518055
    7.中国移动上海产业研究院,上海 201206
    8.中国信息通信研究院 技术与标准研究所,北京 100083
    9.中国联合网络通信有限公司研究院,北京 100176
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-19 修回日期:2026-04-13 接受日期:2026-05-29 出版日期:2026-06-24 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 王家乐 E-mail:wang_jiale@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金(3264040);国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3910103);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2025M784291)

Empowering low-altitude economy with BDS/5G integrated spatiotemporal network: Technical architecture, application practice and future prospect

Chuang SHI1,2,3,4, Kunlei LI2,3, Jiale WANG1,3,4,5(), Ming XIA1,3,4, Shijun CHEN3,6, Xin JIANG3,7, Xiayu LI3,8, Yi WAN3,8, He ZHANG3,9, Yao JIN3,9   

  1. 1.School of Space and Earth Sciences,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    2.School of Electronic Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation and Mobile Communication Fusion Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beijing 100191,China
    4.State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM,Beijing 100191,China
    5.Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong 999077,China
    6.ZTE Corporation,Shenzhen 518055,China
    7.China Mobile (Shanghai) Industrial Research Institute,Shanghai 201206,China
    8.Technology and Standards Research Institute,China Academy of Information and Communications Technology,Beijing 100083,China
    9.China Unicom Research Institute,Beijing 100176,China
  • Received:2026-03-19 Revised:2026-04-13 Accepted:2026-05-29 Online:2026-06-24 Published:2026-06-23
  • Contact: Jiale WANG E-mail:wang_jiale@buaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3264040);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3910103);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M784291)

摘要:

低空经济作为中国经济发展新增长引擎,其规模化发展高度依赖定位导航、无线通信等关键技术的协同支撑,北斗+5G综合时空网作为北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)与5G通信技术深度融合的新型基础设施形态,已成为精准响应低空场景通导一体核心需求、支撑低空经济高质量发展的关键路径。以北斗+5G综合时空网为研究对象,以北斗+5G一体化基站为核心网络节点与关键技术载体,系统梳理低空无人机通导一体化技术基础,分析北斗导航与5G通信的技术特性及分立组网的局限性。研究系统阐述了北斗+5G综合时空网的整体技术架构,重点剖析了北斗+5G一体化基站的硬件融合架构、5G控制面数据播发技术及组网部署策略,对比分析了现有一体化基站方案的技术路径与功能特性,明确5G控制面在增强数据播发中的低时延、高并发、高安全优势。结合低空经济应用场景,从全域高精度时间同步、厘米级定位增强、空域多目标协同感知、低空气象与干扰监测和通信能力增强5个维度,分析北斗+5G综合时空网的技术赋能效果与实践价值。最后,针对低空经济规模化发展需求,指出北斗+5G融合技术与综合时空网建设面临的挑战,展望通感导一体化、定位、导航和授时(PNT)服务增强、组网运营模式创新等未来发展方向。研究表明,北斗+5G综合时空网可通过一体化基站广域组网形成的全场景服务能力,有效化解低空空域定位不稳、监管不足、安全不强等核心痛点,为低空经济构建起通导融合、多维协同的数字时空底座,为相关技术优化与产业落地提供重要参考。

关键词: 综合时空网, 北斗+5G一体化基站, 低空经济, 通导一体, 5G控制面, 低空无人机

Abstract:

As a new pillar of China’s economic growth, the booming low-altitude economy hinges on core enabling technologies including positioning, navigation and wireless communication. The Beidou-5G integrated spatiotemporal network, a novel infrastructure combining the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and 5G, delivers integrated communication and navigation services essential to low-altitude operations and fuels sound development of the low-altitude economy.Centered on this network and taking Beidou-5G integrated base stations as core nodes, this paper systematically investigates low-altitude UAV communication-navigation integration basics. It compares native BDS and 5G features, exposes drawbacks of standalone deployment, and presents the network’s overall framework. Key discussions cover integrated base station hardware, 5G control-plane broadcast technology and network layout schemes. Benchmarking rival base station designs proves 5G control-plane broadcast excels in low latency, massive concurrency and robust security.This paper assesses the network’s support for low-altitude scenarios from five perspectives: full-coverage high-precision time synchronization, centimeter-level positioning improvement, multi-aircraft collaborative sensing, low-altitude weather and interference surveillance, and upgraded communication performance. It further discusses integration and construction hurdles, then forecasts trends such as communication-sensing-navigation fusion, advanced Positioning, Navigation and Timing(PNT) services and innovative network operation modes.The final conclusion: large-scale rollout of Beidou-5G integrated base stations fixes key low-altitude bottlenecks-unreliable positioning, weak airspace oversight and safety risks-by establishing a converged digital spatiotemporal platform. This research offers valuable guidance for technical tuning and industrial rollout of the low-altitude economy.

Key words: integrated spatiotemporal network, BDS/5G integrated base station, low-altitude economy, integrated communication and navigation, 5G control plane, low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle

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