航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (11): 531399-531399   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31399

低空空域无人系统交通管理方案初探

贾永楠1,2()   

  1. 1.北京科技大学 自动化学院,北京 100083
    2.北京科技大学 工业过程知识自动化教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-13 修回日期:2024-12-12 接受日期:2025-04-07 出版日期:2025-04-29 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 贾永楠 E-mail:ynjia@pku.edu.cn

A scheme for unmanned aerial system traffic management in low-altitude airspace

Yongnan JIA1,2()   

  1. 1.School of Automation and Electrical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2024-10-13 Revised:2024-12-12 Accepted:2025-04-07 Online:2025-04-29 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: Yongnan JIA E-mail:ynjia@pku.edu.cn

摘要:

近年来,随着无人机(UAV)技术的飞速发展,全球各国开始积极布局低空空域管理,以确保低空经济的可持续发展。现有空中交通管理(ATM)系统主要面向中高空空域的有人驾驶飞机,难以适应大规模低空无人机的运行需求。尤其在物流配送、城市监控、基础设施巡检等领域,低空无人机的高密度运行对交通管理提出了新的挑战。因此,如何构建一套高效、安全、智能的无人系统交通管理(UTM)框架,成为全球研究的热点问题。首先,综述了国内外低空空域UTM系统的研究现状,重点分析了不同国家在空域划分、UTM系统建设以及政策实施等方面的异同。其次,给出UTM系统的定义和基本架构,着重梳理了多无人机通信网络、多无人机协同控制、高效容量流量管理、多无人机冲突管控和交通群自主运行等UTM系统的共性关键技术,并深入分析了当前技术发展面临的主要挑战。最后,基于分布式决策、实时空域协商及风险弹性管理的设计思路,结合中国低空空域管理的实际需求和中国北斗卫星系统(BDS)的技术优势,提出了一种基于“分层、分类、分域、网格化”管理理念的分阶段、分步骤实施的UTM解决方案,并创新性地设计了以“八卦图”为核心的“管道化”立体航线网络,以优化空域资源分配,支持未来大规模无人机自主协同运行。

关键词: 低空经济, 无人系统交通管理(UTM), 航线网络, 无人机协同控制, 冲突管控

Abstract:

In recent years, with the rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, countries around the world have actively begun to plan and develop low-altitude airspace management systems to ensure the sustainable growth of the low-altitude economy. Existing Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems are primarily designed for manned aircraft operating in medium and high-altitude airspace, making them inadequate for supporting large-scale UAV operations in low-altitude environments. Particularly in application scenarios such as logistics delivery, urban surveillance, and infrastructure inspection, the high-density deployment of UAVs poses new challenges to air traffic management. Consequently, the construction of an efficient, safe, and intelligent Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM) framework has become a prominent topic of global research. This paper first reviews the current state of UTM system development both domestically and internationally, with a focus on analyzing similarities and differences among various countries in terms of airspace classification, UTM system architecture, and policy implementation. Then, this paper defines the structure of a typical UTM system and outlines its core technical components, including multi-UAV communication networks, cooperative control, capacity and flow management, conflict detection and resolution, and swarm-level autonomous traffic operations. The main technical challenges currently faced in UTM development are also analyzed in depth. Finally, based on the principles of distributed decision-making, real-time airspace negotiation, and resilient risk management, this study proposes a phased, step-by-step UTM solution tailored to China’‍s low-altitude airspace structure and leveraging the capabilities of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). The proposed system adopts a hierarchical, categorized, zoned, and grid-based management approach, and introduces an innovative “pipeline-style” three-dimensional route network design centered on the “bagua” diagram (a traditional Chinese octagonal structure), to optimize airspace allocation and support the future large-scale autonomous and cooperative operation of UAV.

Key words: low-altitude economy, Unmanned aerial system Traffic Management (UTM), air route network, coordination control of unmanned aerial vehicles, conflict detection and avoidance

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