关键词: 角动量卸载, 太阳帆板偏置, 光压力矩, 深空探测, 优化控制

Abstract: To address the problem of frequent unloading required due to the easy saturation of spacecraft flywheel angular momentum in high-orbit and deep space exploration missions, an autonomous angular momentum management method based on solar panel bias was proposed. First, considering that solar radiation pressure (SRP) torque is the primary external disturbance with predictable and controllable characteristics in high-orbit and deep space environments, an SRP torque model under arbitrary panel bias and a momentum wheel angular momentum dynamics model were established. Second, three optimization strategies were proposed: minimizing the maximum angular momentum, minimizing the angular momentum norm and dual-mode hybrid management strategy. By rationally planning the panel bias, the SRP torque is induced to generate reverse torque during specific periods, thereby actively unloading the angular momentum accumulation caused by the SRP itself. Finally, simulation results for a 90-day Distant Retrograde Orbit (DRO) show that within a bias range of ±30°, the proposed strategies effectively suppress angular momentum accumulation, reducing the peak system angular momentum to below 60% and completely avoiding saturation of all momentum wheels. Specifically, the strategy of minimizing the maximum value excels in peak suppression, while the strategy of minimizing the norm offers more advantages in terms of smooth control of spacecraft angular momentum and mechanism lifespan. The dual-mode hybrid management strategy achieves complementary advantages of the two basic strategies through threshold partitioning. This method fully exploits the controllability of SRP torque, achieving a transition from passive mitigation of angular momentum accumulation to active management, and provides a novel, propellant-free, and fully autonomous angular momentum management approach for high-orbit and deep space spacecraft.

Key words: Angular momentum unloading, Solar panel bias, Photonic torque, Deep space exploration, Optimal control