关键词: 强度试验, 空间运动机构, 位置数学模型, 自适应分配技术, 动态补偿

Abstract: During flight, aircraft spatial motion structures undergo dynamic positional adjustments due to attitude variations, leading to significant changes in the magnitude and direction of aerodynamic loads. To accurately reproduce the actual loading conditions of such structures in motion, this study, based on aircraft structural strength testing, systematically investigates the modeling and validation of adaptive loading technology for spatial motion structures. First, by analyzing the spatial trajectory characteristics of motion structures in experiments, the motion modes are categorized into three types: translation, rotation, and combined motion. Subsequently, dynamic mathematical models are established for each motion type to quantify the relationships between structural position, attitude, and load application points, as well as the coupling effects among multiple parameters during motion. Building on these models, an adaptive loading technology tailored for aircraft structural strength testing is proposed. This technology enables real-time adjustments of displacement, force magnitude, and direction parameters of the loading devices, achieving precise control of load point alignment, amplitude consistency, and directional synchronization between the applied loads and actual aerodynamic loads.Finally, the three adaptive loading techniques are applied to engineering tests, successfully achieving precise application of cyclic loads on motion structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technology achieves a dynamic error of less than 3% in complex motion scenarios, validating its reliability and effectiveness. This study establishes a comprehensive framework for follower loading methods in spatial motion structures, encompassing motion classification models, dynamic load compensation, and engineering implementation strategies. It systematically addresses the issue of load mismatch caused by positional changes in large-scale spatial motion structures, offering significant engineering application value. The developed technology provides critical technical support for structural design and strength validation of aerospace vehicles in complex motion environments.

Key words: Structural Testing, Spatial Motion Mechanism, Position Mathematical Model, Adaptive Allocation Technology, Dynamic Compensation