航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (11): 633383-633383   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33383

航空发动机防除冰技术专栏

航空发动机结冰及其防护方法研究进展

易贤1, 周靓1(), 马乙楗1,2, 李云单3, 陈宁立1, 杨倩1   

  1. 1.中国空气动力研究与发展中心 结冰与防除冰重点实验室,绵阳 621000
    2.西安交通大学 航天航空学院,西安 710049
    3.中国航空发动机集团有限公司 沈阳发动机研究所,沈阳 110000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-16 修回日期:2026-02-03 接受日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 周靓 E-mail:13778146246@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(J2019-Ⅲ-0010-0054);国家自然科学基金(12402276)

Advances in aircraft engine icing and protection methods

Xian YI1, Liang ZHOU1(), Yijian MA1,2, Yundan LI3, Ningli CHEN1, Qian YANG1   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti-/De-icing,China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China
    2.School of Astronautics and Aeronautics,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China
    3.Shenyang Engine Research Institute,Aero-Engine Corporation of China,Shenyang 110000,China
  • Received:2026-01-16 Revised:2026-02-03 Accepted:2026-03-11 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-15
  • Contact: Liang ZHOU E-mail:13778146246@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12402276);National Science and Technology Major Project of China (J2019-Ⅲ-0010-0054)

摘要:

结冰是航空发动机在运行中经常遭遇的一种现象,会直接危害飞行安全。先进航空发动机的研制和适航取证对结冰防护技术的可靠、精准和经济性等提出了新的需求,也对现有的结冰研究带来挑战。系统总结了航空发动机结冰及其防护方法研究的进展,针对过冷水滴结冰和冰晶结冰两种类型,从结冰环境与机理、主要的结冰部件、影响结冰的主要因素、计算和试验研究方法等方面进行了重点分析和总结;围绕目前主要的防除冰方法,总结了其技术原理、关键技术及研究现状;归纳了目前面临的困难和挑战,包括旋转部件表面结冰特性的准确预测、针状冰的形成机理和数值模拟、内流道的复杂云雾演化及分布的获取、冰晶及混合相结冰的准确预测、结冰与防除冰过程的精确试验模拟和测量;提出未来应围绕不同发动机部件的结冰机理和规律、发动机结冰与防除冰试验模拟理论和技术、高效高保真度的数值计算模型及方法、基于结冰特性精确预示的控冰方法4方面开展深入研究。相关结论可为先进航空发动机的结冰安全评估和结冰防护技术发展提供参考。

关键词: 航空发动机, 过冷水滴结冰, 冰晶结冰, 防冰, 除冰

Abstract:

Icing is a frequently encountered phenomenon in aircraft engine operation and poses a direct hazard to flight safety. The development and airworthiness certification of advanced aircraft engines have imposed new requirements on the reliability, precision and cost-effectiveness of icing protection technologies, while also presenting challenges to existing icing research. This paper systematically reviews the progress in the study of aircraft engine icing and its protective methodologies. Focusing on two types of icing-supercooled droplet icing and ice crystal icing-the paper provides a detailed analysis and summary from several key aspects: icing environments and mechanisms, major components susceptible to icing, principal factors influencing icing, as well as computational and experimental research approaches. The technical principles, key technologies and current research status of the mainstream anti-icing and de-icing methods are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the existing difficulties and challenges are concluded, including the accurate prediction of icing characteristics on rotating surfaces, the formation mechanism and numerical simulation of needle ice, the acquisition of complex cloud evolution and distribution in internal flow passages, the precise prediction of ice crystal and mixed-phase icing, and the high-fidelity experimental simulation and measurement of icing, anti-icing and de-icing processes. Finally, four key directions for future in-depth research are proposed: the icing mechanism and laws of various engine components, the theories and technologies for engine icing, anti-icing and de-icing experimental simulation, high-efficiency and high-fidelity numerical models and methods, as well as ice control strategies based on accurate prediction of icing characteristics. The findings and conclusions presented herein can serve as a reference for ice safety assessment and the advancement of icing protection technologies for advanced aircraft engines.

Key words: aircraft engine, supercooled droplet icing, ice crystal icing, anti-icing, de-icing

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