易贤1, 周靓1(
), 马乙楗1,2, 李云单3, 陈宁立1, 杨倩1
收稿日期:2026-01-16
修回日期:2026-02-03
接受日期:2026-03-11
出版日期:2026-06-15
发布日期:2026-06-15
通讯作者:
周靓
E-mail:13778146246@163.com
基金资助:
Xian YI1, Liang ZHOU1(
), Yijian MA1,2, Yundan LI3, Ningli CHEN1, Qian YANG1
Received:2026-01-16
Revised:2026-02-03
Accepted:2026-03-11
Online:2026-06-15
Published:2026-06-15
Contact:
Liang ZHOU
E-mail:13778146246@163.com
Supported by:摘要:
结冰是航空发动机在运行中经常遭遇的一种现象,会直接危害飞行安全。先进航空发动机的研制和适航取证对结冰防护技术的可靠、精准和经济性等提出了新的需求,也对现有的结冰研究带来挑战。系统总结了航空发动机结冰及其防护方法研究的进展,针对过冷水滴结冰和冰晶结冰两种类型,从结冰环境与机理、主要的结冰部件、影响结冰的主要因素、计算和试验研究方法等方面进行了重点分析和总结;围绕目前主要的防除冰方法,总结了其技术原理、关键技术及研究现状;归纳了目前面临的困难和挑战,包括旋转部件表面结冰特性的准确预测、针状冰的形成机理和数值模拟、内流道的复杂云雾演化及分布的获取、冰晶及混合相结冰的准确预测、结冰与防除冰过程的精确试验模拟和测量;提出未来应围绕不同发动机部件的结冰机理和规律、发动机结冰与防除冰试验模拟理论和技术、高效高保真度的数值计算模型及方法、基于结冰特性精确预示的控冰方法4方面开展深入研究。相关结论可为先进航空发动机的结冰安全评估和结冰防护技术发展提供参考。
中图分类号:
易贤, 周靓, 马乙楗, 李云单, 陈宁立, 杨倩. 航空发动机结冰及其防护方法研究进展[J]. 航空学报, 2026, 47(11): 633383.
Xian YI, Liang ZHOU, Yijian MA, Yundan LI, Ningli CHEN, Qian YANG. Advances in aircraft engine icing and protection methods[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(11): 633383.
表1
结冰风洞性能参数对比
| 风洞 | 国家 | 试验段尺寸/m2 | 最高试验风速/(m·s-1) | 模拟高度/m | MVD模拟范围/μm | LWC模拟范围/(g·m-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NASA IRT[ | 美国 | 2.74×1.83 | 167 | 15~270 | 0.15~4.0 | |
| CIRA IWT[ | 意大利 | 主:2.25×2.35 次:3.60×2.35 高速:1.15×2.35 | 主:马赫数Ma=0.41 次:Ma =0.25 高速:Ma =0.7 | 7 000 | 附录C/附录O | |
| NRC AIWT[ | 加拿大 | 0.57×0.57 0.52×0.33 | 110 250 | 12 200 | 8~200 | 0.1~2.5 0.1~3.5 |
| FL-16[ | 中国 | 主:3×2 次:4.8×3.2 高速:2.0×1.5 | 主:210 次:78 高速:256 | 20 000 | 10~300 | 0.2~3.0 |
| RTA[ | 奥地利 | 3.5×4.6 | 40 | 0.11~0.56(最高风速下,MVD=20 μm时) | ||
| 3.5×2.5 | 80 | 0.05~0.78(条件同上) | ||||
| Cox IWT[ | 美国 | 0.71×1.17 0.71×0.61 1.22×1.22 | 主:100 高速:116 次:56 | 13~50+ | 0~3.0 | |
| FL-61[ | 中国 | 0.6×0.6 | 240 | 7 000 | 10~200 | 0.1~3.0 |
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