基于粗粒化离散元方法的旋翼沙尘云数值模拟研究

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33229

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基于粗粒化离散元方法的旋翼沙尘云数值模拟研究

周永泽¹,王玉齐¹,胡锐锋¹,朱伟¹,王国华¹,张卫国²

1. 兰州大学
2. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心

收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-02-04 出版日期:2026-02-09 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者: 胡锐锋
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金;中央高校基本科研业务费;甘肃省自然科学基金

Numerical Simulation of Rotor-Induced Dust Cloud Based on the CG-DEM Method

Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-02-04 Online:2026-02-09 Published:2026-02-09
Contact: Ruifeng Hu

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在沙漠环境中，由旋翼下洗流诱导的沙尘云（“沙盲”现象）由海量沙尘颗粒构成，会导致飞行器周边能见度急剧下降，形成严重飞行安全隐患。已有相关数值模拟研究中，采用追踪真实颗粒的方法计算成本极高，而减少颗粒数量的模拟仅能实现定性分析，难以满足定量预测要求。本研究基于粗粒化离散元方法，同时采用四向耦合考虑颗粒间碰撞及颗粒对流场的反馈，通过追踪粗粒化颗粒即可获得与旋翼沙尘云实际发展定量吻合的模拟结果。为考虑湍流对旋翼沙尘云中颗粒输运的影响，采用了考虑湍流脉动的颗粒拖曳力模型。研究结果表明：粗粒化离散元方法能够有效实现旋翼沙尘云的定量模拟；对于本文算例，采用考虑湍流效应的拖曳力模型提升了预测精度，稳定阶段空中颗粒数量较传统模型增加约 27%，输沙率预测与实验值的误差小于5%。

关键词: 沙盲, 粗粒化离散元, 旋翼下洗流, 风沙输运, 直升机

Abstract: In desert environments, the dust cloud induced by rotor downwash (the "brownout" phenomenon) consists of an enormous number of sand and dust particles. It causes a sharp drop in visibility around the aircraft, posing a serious flight safety hazard. In existing relevant numerical simulation studies, the method of tracking real particles incurs extremely high computational costs, while simulations with reduced particle counts can only achieve qualitative analysis, failing to meet the requirements of quantitative prediction. Based on the coarse-grained discrete element method (CG-DEM), this study adopts four-way coupling to account for inter-particle collisions and the feedback effect of particles on the flow field. By tracking coarse-grained particles, simulation results that quantitatively agree with the actual development of rotor-induced dust clouds can be obtained. To consider the influence of turbulence on particle transport in rotor dust clouds, a particle drag force model incorporating turbulent effect is employed. The results show that the CG-DEM can effectively realize the quantitative simulation of rotor dust clouds; for the case in this study, the use of the drag force model considering turbulent effect improves the prediction accuracy. In the steady state, the number of airborne particles increases by approximately 27% compared with the traditional drag model, and the error between the predicted sand transport rate and the experimental measurement is less than 5%.

Key words: brownout, coarse-grained discrete element, rotor downwash, wind-blown sand transport, helicopter

周永泽王玉齐胡锐锋朱伟王国华张卫国. 基于粗粒化离散元方法的旋翼沙尘云数值模拟研究[J]. 航空学报, doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33229.

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基于粗粒化离散元方法的旋翼沙尘云数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Rotor-Induced Dust Cloud Based on the CG-DEM Method

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