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融化率对冰晶黏附特性影响的实验研究(航空发动机防除冰技术专栏)

刘宗辉1,卜雪琴1,林贵平2,马奎元2   

  1. 1. 北京航空航天大学 航空科学与工程学院
    2. 北京航空航天大学
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-05 修回日期:2026-01-12 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 卜雪琴
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项;国家自然科学基金

Experimental Assessment on the Effect of Melting ratio on Ice Particle Adhesion Behavior

  • Received:2025-11-05 Revised:2026-01-12 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15
  • Contact: Xue-Qin Bu
  • Supported by:
    the National Science and Technology Major Project of China;The National Natural Science Foundation of China

摘要: 冰晶结冰会严重影响航空发动机正常运行,威胁飞行安全,而部分融化冰晶的黏附特性是影响该问题的核心环节。现有研究尚不明确冰晶黏附机理,且液态水对黏附特性的影响规律仍不清晰。为此,本文设计并搭建了部分融化冰晶撞击黏附实验台,开展了不同冰晶融化率水平、撞击速度和粒子直径的冰晶撞击黏附实验,结合理论分析与实验观测,揭示了残留冰锥的形成机理,并完成了其三维形态的定性与定量分析。进一步揭示了融化率对黏附特性的影响机制,较低融化率水平可促进冰锥形成,过高的融化率水平抑制冰锥形成,冰锥形成概率P随融化率的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势。基于此拟合了冰锥形成概率的经验模型,建立了截断常数ξ0与无量纲水膜厚度hf*的关联式。本研究为深入理解冰晶黏附机理提供了参考,同时为航空发动机结冰防护相关的黏附模型的进一步构建提供了理论基础和数据支撑。

关键词: 冰晶结冰, 冰晶黏附, 冰晶融化, 黏附特性, 残留冰锥

Abstract: Ice crystal icing seriously affects the normal operation of aero-engines, posing a threat to flight safety. The adhesive properties of partially melted ice particles constitute the core factor influencing this problem. Existing research has yet to clarify their adhesion mechanism, and the influence law of liquid water on adhesion properties remains unclear. To address this, this study de-signed and constructed an experimental setup for the impact and adhesion of partially melted ice particles. Adhesion experiments were conducted under varying impact velocities, particle diameters, and melt ratio levels. By combining theoretical analysis and experimental observations, the formation mechanism of residual ice cones was revealed, and their three-dimensional morphology was subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study further clarified the influence mechanism of melt ratio on adhesion properties: lower melt ratios promote ice cone formation, while excessively high melt ratios inhibit it. The ice cone formation probability P exhibits an initial increase followed by a decrease as the melt ratio rises. Based on the above findings, an empirical model was developed to fit the ice cone formation probability, establishing a correlation between the truncation constant ξ0 and the dimensionless water film thickness hf*. This study provides insights into the adhesion mechanism of partially melted ice particles and offers theoretical foundations and data support for developing adhesion models relevant to aviation engine anti-icing systems.

Key words: ice crystal icing, ice crystal adhesion, ice crystal melting, adhesion characteristics, residual ice cones

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