碳纤维编织复合材料激光烧蚀多场耦合建模

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32372

Abstract

Abstract:

A multi-physics coupling and multi-scale model is established to describe laser damage process of carbon fiber composites. The multi-physics coupling model includes three aspects： Thermal， mechanical and chemical model； the multi-scale model involves the micro-scale of fiber， resin and their chemical reaction products， the meso-scale of fiber yarn， matrix and interface layer， and the macro-scale of laminates. A multi-physics alternating coupling analysis process is established， and finite element method and numerical integration method are combined to solve the governing equations of the model. Taking the laser ablation experiment of a woven composite laminate with 5 plies as an example， the model predictions demonstrate good agreement with the experimental results for both the damage morphology of the laminate and the temperature rise history at the center of the back surface， validating the effectiveness of the model. Simulations of ablation effects in different gaseous environments indicate that higher oxygen concentrations in the ablation environment lead to more intense oxidation reactions of the carbon fibers and pyrolytic carbon residue， resulting in more significant damage to the composite material. Thus， to fully exploit the excellent high-temperature mechanical properties of carbon fibers， suppressing oxidation represents a viable approach for enhancing the laser damage resistance of carbon fiber composites. This model and solution method can effectively predict the material damage threshold under various laser irradiation parameters， facilitating in-depth research on the laser damage mechanisms of composite materials. It thereby provides a new theoretical analysis methodology for the laser-resistant protection design of aerospace structures.

Key words: carbon fiber composites, laser ablation, multi-physics coupling, multi-scale model

CLC Number:

V214.8

Qingyi LIU, Xu YANG, Yu ZHANG, Peng YAN, Yanfei CHEN, Chuliang YAN. Multi-physics coupling modeling of laser ablation process of carbon fiber woven composites[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(21): 532372.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 1

Table 2

Mechanical property parameters of materials ［12，21-22］

材料	参数	数值
环氧树脂	杨氏模量E_r/MPa	3.5×10³
	泊松比ν_r	0.35
	刚度衰减的温度影响因子b_r^T	0.7
	拉伸强度X_Tr/MPa	112
	压缩强度X_Cr/MPa	241
	剪切强度X_Sr/MPa	89.6
	热膨胀系数α_r/K^-1	1.5×10^-5
碳纤维	纵向杨氏模量E_f1/MPa	2.21×10⁵
	横向杨氏模量E_f2/MPa	1.38×10⁵
	纵向泊松比ν_f12	0.2
	纵向剪切模量G_f12/MPa	9×10³
	横向剪切模量G_f23/MPa	4.8×10³
	刚度衰减的温度影响因子b $f T$	0.001
	拉伸强度X_Tf/MPa	3.528×10³
	压缩强度/MPa	2.5×10³
	纵向热膨胀系数	-4.1×10^-7
	横向热膨胀系数	8.5×10^-6

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Table 4

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig. 12

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材料	参数	数值
环氧树脂	吸收率A_r	0.9
	密度ρ_r/（kg·m^-3）	1.2×10³
	比热c_r/（J·kg^-1·K^-1）	1.2×10³
	热导率k_r/（W·m^-1·K^-1）	0.18
碳纤维	吸收率A_f	0.85
	密度ρ_f/（kg·m^-3）	1.76×10³
	比热c_f/（J·kg^-1·K^-1）	777
	纵向热导率k_f1/（W·m^-1·K^-1）	45
	横向热导率k_f2/（W·m^-1·K^-1）	4.5

材料	参数	数值
环氧树脂	指前因子J_r/s^-1	3×10²
	活化能（空气）E_Ar/（J·mol^-1）	6.24×10⁴
	活化能（惰性）E_Ar/（J·mol^-1）	6.49×10⁴
	气化系数（空气）	0.97
	气化系数（惰性）	0.70
	反应级数N_r	1
	热解热Q_r^all/（J·kg^-1）	7.37×10⁶
碳纤维	指前因子J_f/s^-1	2.32×10²
	活化能E_Af/（J·mol^-1）	9.64×10⁴
	气化系数	1
	反应级数	1
	氧化热Q_f^all/（J·kg^-1）	-2.09×10⁷

激光功率/W	对比指标	实验结果^［6］/℃	仿真结果/℃	误差/%
300	最高温度	350	363	3.71
300	残余温度	141	156	10.64
500	最高温度	548	541	-1.28
500	残余温度	147	159	8.16

Multi-physics coupling modeling of laser ablation process of carbon fiber woven composites

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