切向流条件下航空声衬宽频声学性能实验

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32033

Abstract

Abstract:

To fulfill the requirements for researching and validating the acoustic characteristics of aviation acoustic liners across a wide frequency range， a flow tube acoustic test bench was developed， employing the three-dimensional straightforward method （3D-SFM） and the pipe acoustic mode decoupling approach. In a grazing flow environment with a maximum Mach number of 0.14， the acoustic performances of single- and double-degree-of-freedom acoustic liners， including acoustic impedance and sound transmission loss， were tested. The maximum test frequency could reach 10 kHz， covering the main noise frequency bands of aeroengines and auxiliary power units. The experimental results demonstrate that the 3D-SFM can effectively educe the acoustic impedance of the acoustic liner in a multi-modal sound field. Furthermore， based on spanwise mode decomposition and the Prony method， the optimization principle and methodology were proposed to optimize acoustic impedance under multiple spanwise modes and scattering modes. The final acoustic impedance outcomes exhibited excellent consistency with the prediction of liner’s impedance model. Sound transmission loss was capable of reflecting the variation law of the noise reduction capability of single/double-degree-of-freedom acoustic liners under different Mach numbers of grazing flow， as well as the advantages of double-degree-of-freedom acoustic liners in broadband noise reduction.

Key words: acoustic liner, broadband noise, acoustic impedance, three-dimensional straightforward method, sound transmission loss

CLC Number:

V235.13

Jiafeng YANG, Qun YAN, Kai WEI, Dongwen XUE, Yonghui CHEN. Experiment on broadband acoustic performance of aeronautical acoustic liners under grazing flow[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(22): 132033.

Figures/Tables 28

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 3

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Table 4

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

Fig.18

Fig.19

Fig.20

Fig.21

Fig.22

Fig.23

Fig.24

References 34

[1]	PALMA G， MAO H N， BURGHIGNOLI L， et al. Acoustic metamaterials in aeronautics［J］. Applied Sciences， 2018， 8（6）： 971.
[2]	JARON R， MOREAU A， GUÉRIN S， et al. Multidisciplinary design optimization of a low-noise and efficient next-generation aero-engine fan［J］. Journal of Turbomachinery， 2022， 144（1）： 011004.
[3]	JIANG H B， HUANG X. Tonal fan-noise radiation from aero-engine bypass with serrated end treatments［J］. Journal of Turbomachinery， 2019， 141（10）： 101005.
[4]	International Civil Aviation Organization. Annex 16-environmental protection Volume I： Aircraft noise， includes amendments 1-10：［S］. 8th ed. Montreal： International Civil Aviation Organization， 2017.
[5]	CASALINO D， DIOZZI F， SANNINO R， et al. Aircraft noise reduction technologies： A bibliographic review［J］. Aerospace Science and Technology， 2008， 12（1）： 1-17.
[6]	LIGHTHILL M J. On sound generated aerodynamically： I. General theory［J］. Proceedings of the Royal Society A： Mathematical， Physical and Engineering Sciences， 1952， 211（1107）： 564-587.
[7]	LIGHTHILL M J. On sound generated aerodynamically： Ⅱ. Turbulence as a source of sound［J］. Proceedings of the Royal Society A： Mathematical， Physical and Engineering Sciences， 1952， 222（1148）： 1-32.
[8]	ENVIA E， HUFF D L， MORRISON C R. Analytical assessment of stator sweep and lean in reducing rotor-stator tone noise［C］∥ Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston： AIAA， 1996.
[9]	WOODWARD R P， ELLIOTT D M， HUGHES C E， et al. Benefits of swept-and-leaned stators for fan noise reduction［J］. Journal of Aircraft， 2001， 38（6）： 1130-1138.
[10]	AHMED U， ALI F， JENNIONS I. A review of aircraft auxiliary power unit faults， diagnostics and acoustic measurements［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2021， 124： 100721.
[11]	KNOBLOCH K， ENGHARDT L， BAKE F. APU-noise reduction by novel muffler concepts［C］∥ ASME Turbo Expo 2018： Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. New York： ASME， 2018.
[12]	HERMANNSEN L， BEEDHOLM K， TOUGAARD J， et al. High frequency components of ship noise in shallow water with a discussion of implications for harbor porpoises （Phocoena phocoena）［J］. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America， 2014， 136（4）： 1640-1653.
[13]	DZHAMBOV A M， TILOV B， MAKAKOVA-TILOVA D， et al. Pathways and contingencies linking road traffic noise to annoyance， noise sensitivity， and mental ill-health［J］. Noise & Health， 2019， 21（103）： 248-257.
[14]	SIEBEL T， ZANGER J， HUBER A， et al. Experimental investigation of cycle properties， noise and air pollutant emissions of an APS3200 auxiliary power unit［C］∥ ASME Turbo Expo 2017： Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. New York： ASME， 2017.
[15]	KNOBLOCH K， FISCHER A， BAKE F， et al. Full-scale tests on APU noise reduction［C］∥ ASME Turbo Expo 2014： Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. New York： ASME， 2014.
[16]	邱祥海，杜林，孙晓峰. 航空声衬声阻抗实验提取技术研究进展［J］. 实验流体力学， 2024， 38（3）： 1-19.
	QIU X H， DU L， SUN X F. Research progress on acoustic impedance eduction technology of aeronautical liner［J］. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics， 2024， 38（3）： 1-19 （in Chinese）.
[17]	ARMSTRONG D L， BECKEMEYER R， OLSEN R F.Impedance measurements of acoustic duct liners with grazing flow［J］. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America， 1974， 55（S1）： S59.
[18]	WATSON W R. A method for determining acoustic-liner admittance in ducts with sheared flow in two-cross-sectional directions： NASA-TP-2518［R］. Washington， D.C.： NASA， 1985.
[19]	WATSON W R. A new method for determining acoustic-liner admittance in a rectangular duct with grazing flow from experimental data： NASA-TP-2310［R］. Washington， D.C.： NASA， 1984.
[20]	JING X D， PENG S， SUN X F. A straightforward method for wall impedance eduction in a flow duct［J］. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America， 2008， 124（1）： 227-234.
[21]	QIU X H， XIN B， JING X D. Straightforward impedance eduction method for non-grazing incidence wave with multiple modes［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration， 2018， 432： 1-16.
[22]	廖峻锋，景晓东，邱祥海，等. 新型航空金属丝网声衬掠流特性实验研究［J］. 航空学报， 2023， 44（21）： 528537.
	LIAO J F， JING X D， QIU X H， et al. Experimental study on grazing flow characteristics of a new aeronautical wire mesh acoustic liner［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2023， 44（21）： 528537 （in Chinese）.
[23]	QIU X H， YANG J， JING X D， et al. Mirror-based multimodal straightforward method for impedance eduction using a zigzag array［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration， 2024， 576： 118237.
[24]	CHEN L F， DU L， WANG X Y， et al. A three-dimensional straightforward method for liner impedance eduction in uniform grazing flow［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration， 2020， 468： 115119.
[25]	陈凌峰，韩云霄，冯博宇，等. 考虑剪切流的航空声衬三维阻抗直接提取方法［J］. 航空学报， 2024， 45（23）： 630333.
	CHEN L F， HAN Y X， FENG B Y， et al. A three-dimensional straightforward method for acoustic liner impedance eduction under shear grazing flow［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2024， 45（23）： 630333 （in Chinese）.
[26]	WENG C Y， OTTO C， PEERLINGS L， et al. Experimental investigation of sound field decomposition with higher order modes in rectangular ducts： AIAA-2016-3035［R］. Reston： AIAA， 2016.
[27]	JING X D， WANG Y J， DU L， et al. Impedance eduction experiments covering higher frequencies based on the multimodal straightforward method［J］. Applied Acoustics， 2023， 206： 109327.
[28]	MYERS M K. On the acoustic boundary condition in the presence of flow［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration， 1980， 71（3）： 429-434.
[29]	INGARD U. Influence of fluid motion past a plane boundary on sound reflection， absorption， and transmission［J］. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America， 1959， 31（7）： 1035-1036.
[30]	DOKUMACI E. Duct acoustics： Fundamentals and applications to mufflers and silencers［M］. 1st ed. Cambridge： Cambridge University Press， 2021： 491-492.
[31]	NEISE W， FROMMHOLD W， MECHEL F P， et al. Sound power determination in rectangular flow ducts［J］. Journal of Sound and Vibration， 1994， 174（2）： 201-237.
[32]	YANG J F， YAN Q， XUE D W， et al. Experimental investigation on acoustic characteristics of segmented local-reacting liner［C］∥ 2022 5th International Conference on Information Communication and Signal Processing. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2022： 712-717.
[33]	GUESS A W. Calculation of perforated plate liner parameters from specified acoustic resistance and reactance［J］. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America， 1973， 54（1）： 307.
[34]	VILLE J M， FOUCART F. Experimental setup for measurement of acoustic power dissipation in lined ducts for higher order modes propagation with air mean-flow conditions［J］. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America， 2003， 114（4）： 1742-1748.

声衬编号	第1层参数				第2层参数
声衬编号	穿孔板厚度/mm	穿孔直径/mm	穿孔率/%	空腔深度/mm	穿孔板厚度/mm	穿孔直径/mm	穿孔率/%	空腔深度/mm
L1	0.25	1.2	7.6	22
L2	0.25	1.2	7.6	32
L3	0.25	1.2	7.6	22	0.25	1.2	7.6	32

Ma	垂向模态n	展向模态m
Ma	垂向模态n	0	1	2	3
0	0	0	3 400	6 800	10 200
	1	3 400	4 809	7 603	10 752
	2	6 800	7 603	9 617	12 259
	3	10 200	10 752	12 259	14 425
0.14	0	0	3 367	6 734	10 100
	1	3 376	4 761	7 528	10 646
	2	6 734	7 528	9 522	12 139
	3	10 100	10 646	13 139	14 283

	1阶散射模态	2阶散射模态
0	0.474 0+3.747 0j	0.037 3+3.878 2j
1（m_d）	4.057 4+3.727 3j	0.924 1+0.609 9j
2	0.733 2+2.086 0j	8.705 6-1.810 1j

	1阶散射模态	2阶散射模态
0	0.931 3-0.245 9j	0.640 0+1.094 9j
1（m_d）	1.964 2+3.217 9j	0.386 5+1.044 2j
2	0.513 7-0.324 3j	-1.278 5-1.314 0j

Experiment on broadband acoustic performance of aeronautical acoustic liners under grazing flow

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 28

References 34

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Chuanyang LIU, Xiaoyu WANG, Guangyu ZHANG, Xiaofeng SUN. Experiment on acoustic impedance of large-thickness perforated plate [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(14): 331486-331486.
[2]	Lingfeng CHEN, Yunxiao HAN, Boyu FENG, Zhiliang HONG, Xiaoyu WANG, Lin DU. A three-dimensional straightforward method for acoustic liner impedance eduction under shear grazing flow [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(23): 630333-630333.
[3]	Zhiliang HONG, Li XUE, Yilei FU, Lingfeng CHEN. Experimental investigation on structural vibration induced by fluid-acoustic-structure coupling and its suppression [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(19): 229970-229970.
[4]	Hang TONG, Liangji ZHANG, Ruibiao GAO, Weijie CHEN, Weiyang QIAO. Broadband noise fast evaluation method and its application in three dimensional design stage of fan [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(24): 128606-128606.
[5]	Junfeng LIAO, Xiaodong JING, Xianghai QIU, Yonglei ZHAI, Xishan YUE, Shuangchao MA, Lin DU, Xiaofeng SUN. Experimental study on grazing flow characteristics of a new aeronautical wire mesh acoustic liner [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(21): 528537-528537.
[6]	YAN Qun, XUE Dongwen, GAO Xiang, YANG Jiafeng, HUANG Wenchao. Acoustic performance experimental technology of aircraft nacelle acoustic liner [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(6): 526810-526810.
[7]	YANG Jiafeng, XUE Dongwen, LI Zhuohan, HUANG Taiyu, XU Jian. Single and double degree-of-freedom acoustic liners under grazing flow: Experiment [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2020, 41(11): 223860-223860.
[8]	LU Weishuang, LIU Peiqing, GUO Hao. Characteristics of low frequency broadband noise for leading-edge droop nose measured in a far-field [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2019, 40(10): 123152-123152.
[9]	XU Kunbo, QIAO Weiyang, CHANG Xinyue, YIN Tao, HUO Shiyu. Fan broadband noise based on combined sensor array method [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017, 38(12): 121324-121324.
[10]	XU Kunbo, QIAO Weiyang, HUO Shiyu, CHENG Haoyi, TONG Fan. Experimental of fan broadband noise determination based on rotating axial arrays [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017, 38(11): 121132-121132.
[11]	XU Kunbo, QIAO Weiyang, WANG Liangfeng, TONG Fan. Experimental research of broadband sound power determination in axial fan [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2015, 36(9): 2939-2946.
[12]	TONG Fan, QIAO Weiyang, WANG Liangfeng, JI Liang, WANG Xunnian. Noise reduction mechanism of bionic airfoil trailing edge serrations [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2015, 36(9): 2911-2922.
[13]	ZHANG Lishuang, WANG Tongqing, YANG Bing, ZHANG Wei. Numerical Simulation of Sound Propagation from Varying Cross-section Ducts by Fast Scattering Method [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2012, 33(1): 62-67.
[14]	Dai Yang;Chen Zao;Sun Jin-cai. THE COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SOUND INSULATION OF AIRCRAFT SIDEWALL STRUCTURES [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 1993, 14(10): 523-528.
[15]	Ming Ruisen;Sun Jincai. PREDICTION OF TRANSMISSION LOSS THROUGH AN AIRCRAFT SIDEWALL USING STATISTICAL ENERGY ANALYSIS [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 1989, 10(6): 264-271.