Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (15): 231604.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31604
• Solid Mechanics and Vehicle Conceptual Design • Previous Articles
Jiayu CHEN1,2(
), Qinhua LU1, Xuhang WANG1, Zhilong SHI3, Hongjuan GE1, Min XIE2
Received:2024-12-03
Revised:2024-12-18
Accepted:2025-03-03
Online:2025-03-13
Published:2025-03-12
Contact:
Jiayu CHEN
E-mail:jiayu_chen@nuaa.edu.cn
Supported by:CLC Number:
Jiayu CHEN, Qinhua LU, Xuhang WANG, Zhilong SHI, Hongjuan GE, Min XIE. Intelligent health evaluation and degradation warning of aircraft air-conditioning systems: A method fusing mission profile and PCA-MD[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(15): 231604.
Table 1
Common faults and effects of air-conditioning systems[4]
| 部件名 | 功能描述 | 常见故障模式 | 影响分析 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 流量控制活门(FCV) | FCV控制气源系统进入空调系统引气流量,引气通过FCV进入主热交换器 | 活门卡滞、阀门失效、制动组件故障 | FCV故障影响空调系统进气口引气流量控制,或影响组件阀门关断功能 | |
| 主热交换器 | 高温引气进入主热交换器,由冲压空气发生热交换散去热量,再进入ACM的压缩机部件 | 灰尘、风沙等污染物致使主热交换器污染、表面污垢 | 主热交换器效率降低影响空调系统整体制冷效果 | |
| 次热交换器 | 经过压缩机增温增压的引气进入次热交换器与冲压空气热交换器进行散热 | 灰尘、风沙等污染物致使主热交换器污染、表面污垢 | 次热交换器效率降低影响空调系统整体制冷效果 | |
| 空气循环机(ACM) | 涡轮 | 经过2次热交换器降温后的气体,除水后进入ACM的涡轮部分,进一步降温 | 涡轮结冰故障、叶片剥落和裂纹、空气轴承磨损 | 降低涡轮转速,影响ACM空气循环机效率,从而影响制冷效果 |
| 压气机 | 初步散热引气进入压缩机增温增压,目的是为了提高次热交换器效率 | 叶片剥落和裂纹等故障、空气轴承磨损 | 从压气机出去的气体增压效果不足,影响次热交换器工作效率,进而影响制冷效果 | |
| 风扇 | 排出热交换器中用来散热的冲压空气 | 叶片剥落、裂纹等故障 | 影响ACM空气循环机排气效果,进而影响制冷效果 | |
| 水分离器 | 收集提取气流中水,并经过喷嘴喷出到冲压空气 | 喷水活门故障、结冰故障 | 水分离器故障会影响混合气体的除水效果,会引发涡轮内的结冰故障 | |
| 温度控制活门 | 控制空调出口温度的主控活门 | 温度控制活门控制失效 | 无法调节PACK出口温度 | |
| 冲压空气作动器 | 冲压空气作动筒控制进入冲压空气系统的气体流量 | 作动失效导致冲压空气门控制失效 | 影响冲压冷却空气进气量,进而影响系统制冷效果 | |
Table 3
Air conditioning system failures and maintenance data of A320 aircraft
| 时间 | 故障描述 | 故障处理 |
|---|---|---|
| 2019.07.14 | PACK1 FCV未打开 | 更换FCV |
| 2019.07.31 | PACK2地面出口温度高 | 更换冷凝器 |
| 2019.08.21 | 航前有空气调节系统故障,后舱调节活门警告 | 航前时间不足,故障保留;航后重置跳开关,测试正常,撤下保留。 |
| 2019.08.22 | 后半舱空调无法调节,起飞后特别冷 | 后客舱配平空气活门故障,重置跳开关 |
| 2019.11.08 | PACK1空气调节器故障 | 更换FCV(23HB) |
| 2020.01.13 | 更换电子仓通风风扇 | |
| 2020.03.28 | 热空气故障 | 测试温控测试,检查正常 |
| 2020.03.29 | PACK1空气调节器故障 | 更换FCV1 |
| 2020.03.30 | 为确认PACK1常规故障 | 对倒本机ALSC1和2,测试正常 |
| 2020.03.30 | PACK1 FCV 故障 | |
| 2020.08.18 | 更换前货舱配平活门,故障依旧 | |
| 2020.08.18 | PACK2空气调节器故障 | 更换PACK2传感器32HH |
| 2020.08.25 | 前货仓配平空气活门故障 | 更换前货仓配平活门,测试正常,关闭保留 |
| 2020.11.28 | 发动机关车后出现某项警告过大约1 min后消失 | |
| 2020.12.16 | PACK2压气机出口温度异常指示 | 更换PACK2压气机出口温度传感器 |
Table 4
Comparison of the air conditioning system failure maintenance data and health status evaluation results from Jul. 1, 2019 to Jul. 15, 2020
| 故障日期 | 可靠性监控结果 |
|---|---|
| 2019年07月14日 | 在7月11日预计了空调系统性能降低,并在7月14日再次确定空调性能下降 |
| 2019年07月31日 | 在7月30日准确识别空调性能下降 |
| 2019年08月21日—2019年08月22日 | 在8月21日的3个航班都指示系统性能下降 |
| 2019年11月08日 | 在11月8日的2个航班都准确识别系统性能下降,且表明系统发生较严重故障 |
| 2020年01月13日 | 在1月12日的4个航班都预计系统性能下降较大 |
| 2020年03月28日 | 在3月28日识别系统性能下降,且表明系统发生严重故障 |
| 2020年03月29日 | 在3月28到29日的航班准确识别系统性能下降,且表明系统发生严重故障 |
| 2020年03月30日 | 在3月30日的2个航班准确识别系统性能下降,且表明系统发生严重故障 |
Table 5
Comparison of air conditioning system failure maintenance data and performance degradation early warning results from Jul.16, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
| 故障日期 | 性能退化预警结果 |
|---|---|
| 2020年08月18日 | 在8月17日准确识别了空调系统性能下降,达到预警 |
| 2020年08月25日 | 在8月25日准确识别了空调系统性能下降,达到预警 |
| 2020年11月28日 | 在11月28日准确识别了空调系统性能下降,超过预警0.5倍 |
| 2020年12月16日 | 在12月15日准确识别了空调系统性能下降,超过预警0.2倍 |
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