盘腔旋流和旋转雷诺数对涡轮轮缘封严的影响机理

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31530

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the influence of high rotational speed swirl flow and rotational Reynolds number on sealing performance at high rotational speed， this paper presents a three-dimensional steady simulation of a rim seal model. The validity of the employed numerical method in computing cavity flow and sealing performance is verified through comparisons between experimental data and numerical calculations. On this foundation， the flow field distribution within the turbine cavity under varying conditions of swirl ratio and rotational Reynolds number is investigated. Furthermore， the variation in sealing efficiency is analyzed using the additional passive tracer method. The results reveal that changes in both the swirl ratio and the rotational Reynolds number exert significant impacts on the cavity flow field， thereby altering the sealing performance. Under conditions of constant cooling flow rate， increasing the cooling flow swirl ratio raises the total pressure in the cavity， resulting in an enhancement of the sealing efficiency at the high-radius locations of both the rotating and static walls. Specifically， as the swirl ratio increases from 0.36 to 1.08， the sealing efficiency of the static wall in the high-radius region increases by 6.3%. Under conditions of constant sealing clearance， increasing the rotational Reynolds number causes the vortex within the cavity to migrate towards the high-radius direction and the side of the rotating wall. When passing through the sealing clearance， the vortex entrains the gas， exacerbating the phenomenon of gas ingestion. As the rotational Reynolds number increases from 1.39×10⁶ to 4.87×10⁶， the sealing efficiency first decreases and then increases with the sealing efficiency of the static wall in the high-radius region reaching only 0.42.

Key words: turbine, rim seal, gas ingestion, swirl ratio, sealing efficiency, rotational Reynolds number

CLC Number:

V231

Haocheng SHU, Xiaozhi KONG, Wenbin GONG, Gaowen LIU, Aqiang LIN. Effects of swirl flow and rotational Reynolds number on sealing performance of turbine rim[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(15): 131530.

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参数	数值
涡轮盘缘半径b/mm	312.8
涡轮导叶高度h/mm	10
预旋喷嘴出气角度α/（°）	70
无量纲喷嘴喉部直径d_n/b	0.017 3
无量纲预旋半径r_n/b	0.704 3
无量纲预旋腔宽度S_n/b	0.048 0
无量纲盘腔外环半径r_cv/b	0.988 8
无量纲盘腔宽度S_cv/b	0.063 9
无量纲盘腔高度h_cv/b	0.191 8

边界条件	工况1~5	工况6~11
主流进口总压P_t，in/kPa	131.50	129.56
主流进口总温T_t，in/K	336	332
冷气进口总压T_t，c/K	296	292
盘腔进口冷气旋转比β	0.36~1.08
旋转雷诺数Re_φ		1.39×10⁶~4.87×10⁶

Effects of swirl flow and rotational Reynolds number on sealing performance of turbine rim

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