风雷软件LES开发设计与验证

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27171

Abstract

Abstract:

An LES model is developed based on the open-source framework provided by the NNW-PHengLEI software. This model mainly includes a hybrid Fourier spectra/finite difference LES solver and a finite volume/finite difference LES solver. The projection method for incompressible flow solution， the hybrid Fourier spectra/finite difference method and subgrid-scale models are briefly introduced， and close/loose coupling architectures of the two solvers are described in detail. The incompressible channel flow， the flow past a circular cylinder at sub-critical Reynolds number and the natural low-frequency oscillations of flow around a NACA0012 are numerically simulated， and the results show that the two solvers have high numerical accuracies and complex-turbulence simulation capabilities. The PHengLEI-LES solver is equipped with common modules including high-order difference schemes， subgrid-scale models and turbulence-statistic methods， providing an open-source LES platform for turbulence simulation research.

Key words: LES, National Numerical Wind tunnel (NNW) Project, PHengLEI software, projection method, hybrid Fourier spectra/finite difference, incompressible channel flow, flow past a circular-cylinder, low-frequency illations

CLC Number:

Zipei ZHANG, Zhong ZHAO, Jianqiang CHEN, Jian LIU, Xiaobing DENG. Development and verification of LES model in NNW-PHengLEI[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(6): 127171.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 1

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Table 2

Fig. 11

Table 3

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

Fig. 17

Fig. 18

Fig. 19

References 52

1	SAGAUT P. Large eddy simulation for incompressible flows： An introduction［M］. 3rd ed. Berlin： Springer-Verlag， 2006
2	ROGALLO R S， MOIN P. Numerical simulation of turbulent flows［J］. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics， 1984， 16： 99-137.
3	CHOI H， MOIN P. Grid-point requirements for large eddy simulation： Chapman’s estimates revisited［J］. Physics of Fluids， 2012， 24（1）： 011702.
4	SLOTNICK J， KHODADOUST A， ALONSO J， et al. CFD vision 2030 study： A path to revolutionary computational aerosciences： NASA/CR-2014-218178［R］. Washington D.C.： NASA， 2014.
5	TUCKER P G. The LES model’s role in jet noise［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2008， 44（6）： 427-436.
6	PITSCH H. Large-eddy simulation of turbulent combustion［J］. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics， 2006， 38： 453-482.
7	EDWARDS J R. Numerical simulations of shock/boundary layer interactions using time-dependent modeling techniques： A survey of recent results［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2008， 44（6）： 447-465.
8	ALMUTAIRI J H， ALQADI I M. Large-eddy simulation of natural low-frequency oscillations of separating-reattaching flow near stall conditions［J］. AIAA Journal， 2013， 51（4）： 981-991.
9	GEORGIADIS N J， RIZZETTA D P， FUREBY C. Large-eddy simulation： Current capabilities， recommended practices， and future research［J］. AIAA Journal， 2010， 48（8）： 1772-1784.
10	CHOI H， MOIN P. Effects of the computational time step on numerical solutions of turbulent flow［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 1994， 113（1）： 1-4.
11	NICOUD F， TODA H B， CABRIT O， et al. Using singular values to build a subgrid-scale model for large eddy simulations［J］. Physics of Fluids， 2011， 23（8）： 085106.
12	PIOMELLI U. Wall-layer models for large-eddy simulations［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2008， 44（6）： 437-446.
13	SCHUMANN U. Subgrid scale model for finite difference simulations of turbulent flows in plane channels and annuli［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 1975， 18（4）： 376-404.
14	BALARAS E， BENOCCI C， PIOMELLI U. Two-layer approximate boundary conditions for large-eddy simulations［J］. AIAA Journal， 1996， 34（6）： 1111-1119.
15	SPALART P R. Detached-eddy simulation［J］. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics， 2009， 41： 181-202.
16	LUND T S， WU X H， SQUIRES K D. Generation of turbulent inflow data for spatially-developing boundary layer simulations［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 1998， 140（2）： 233-258.
17	SAGAUT P， GARNIER E， TROMEUR E， et al. Turbulent inflow conditions for large-eddy-simulation of compressible wall-bounded flows［J］. AIAA Journal， 2004， 42（3）： 469-477.
18	JARRIN N， BENHAMADOUCHE S， LAURENCE D J， et al. A synthetic-eddy-method for generating inflow conditions for large-eddy simulations［J］. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow， 2006， 27（4）： 585-593.
19	FORSYTHE J， WENTZEL J F， SQUIRES K， et al. Computation of prescribed spin for a rectangular wing and for the F-15E using detached-eddy simulation［C］∥41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit 2003. Reston： AIAA， 2003： 839.
20	WANG Z J. High-order methods for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured grids［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2007， 43（1-3）： 1-41.
21	赵钟，张来平，何磊，等. 适用于任意网格的大规模并行CFD计算框架PHengLEI［J］. 计算机学报， 2019， 42（11）： 2368-2383.
	ZHAO Z， ZHANG L P， HE L， et al. PHengLEI： A large scale parallel CFD framework for arbitrary grids［J］. Chinese Journal of Computers， 2019， 42（11）： 2368-2383 （in Chinese）.
22	赵钟，何磊，何先耀. 风雷（PHengLEI）通用CFD软件设计［J］. 计算机工程与科学， 2020（2）： 210-219.
	ZHAO Z， HE L， HE X Y. Design of general CFD software PHengLEI［J］. Computer Engineering & Science， 2020（2）： 210-219 （in Chinese）.
23	陈坚强. 国家数值风洞（NNW）工程关键技术研究进展［J］. 中国科学：技术科学， 2021， 51： 1326-1347.
	Chen J Q. Advances in the key technologies of Chinese national numerical windtunnel project［J］. Science China： Technological Sciences， 2021， 51： 1326-1347 （in Chinese）.
24	CHORIN A J. Numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations［J］. Mathematics of Computation， 1968， 22（104）： 745-762.
25	CHORIN A J. On the convergence of discrete approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations［J］. Mathematics of Computation， 1969， 23（106）： 341-353.
26	刘淼儿. 数值求解不可压缩流动的投影方法［D］. 北京：清华大学， 2004： 26-29.
	LIU M E. Projection methods for numerically solving incompressible flow［D］. Beijing： Tsinghua University， 2004： 26-29 （in Chinese）.
27	KIM J， MOIN P. Application of a fractional-step method to incompressible Navier-Stokes equations［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 1985， 59（2）： 308-323.
28	CANUTO C， QUARTERONI A， HUSSAINI M Y， et al. Spectral methods： Evolution to complex geometries and applications to fluid dynamics［M］. Berlin， Heidelberg： Springer Berlin Heidelberg， 2007.
29	GAMET L， DUCROS F， NICOUD F， et al. Compact finite difference schemes on non-uniform meshes. Application to direct numerical simulations of compressible flows［J］. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids， 1999， 29（2）： 159-191.
30	CANUTO C， HUSSAINI M Y， QUARTERONI A， et al. Spectral methods： Fundamentals in single domains［M］. Berlin， Heidelberg： Springer Berlin Heidelberg， 2006.
31	MARTÍN M P， PIOMELLI U， CANDLER G V. Subgrid-scale models for compressible large-eddy simulations［J］. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics， 2000， 13（5）： 361-376.
32	陈坚强，马燕凯，闵耀兵，等. 国家数值风洞（NNW）通用软件同构混合求解器设计［J］. 空气动力学学报， 2020， 38（6）： 1103-1110， 1102.
	CHEN J Q， MA Y K， MIN Y B， et al. Design and development of homogeneous hybrid solvers on National Numerical Windtunnel（NNW）PHengLEI［J］. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica， 2020， 38（6）： 1103-1110， 1102 （in Chinese）.
33	DENG X G， ZHANG H X. Developing high-order weighted compact nonlinear schemes［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 2000， 165（1）： 22-44.
34	李鹏，陈坚强，丁明松，等. NNW-HyFLOW高超声速流动模拟软件框架设计［J］. 航空学报， 2021， 42（9）： 625718.
	LI P， CHEN J Q， DING M S， et al. Framework design of NNW-HyFLOW hypersonic flow simulation software［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2021， 42（9）： 625718 （in Chinese）.
35	SMAGORINSKY J. General circulation experiments with the primitive equations［J］. Monthly Weather Review， 1963， 91（3）： 99-164.
36	YOSHIZAWA A. Statistical theory for compressible turbulent shear flows， with the application to subgrid modeling［J］. The Physics of Fluids， 1986， 29（7）： 2152-2164.
37	LILLY D K. A proposed modification of the Germano subgrid-scale closure method［J］. Physics of Fluids A： Fluid Dynamics， 1992， 4（3）： 633-635.
38	邓小兵. 不可压缩湍流大涡模拟研究［D］. 绵阳：中国空气动力研究与发展中心， 2008： 21-22.
	DENG X B. Large eddy simulation of incompressible turbulent flow［D］. Mianyang： China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center， 2008： 21-22 （in Chinese）.
39	LU X Y， WANG S W， SUNG H G， et al. Large-eddy simulations of turbulent swirling flows injected into a dump chamber［J］. Journal of Fluid Mechanics， 2005， 527： 171-195.
40	PEKUROVSKY D. P3DFFT： A framework for parallel computations of Fourier transforms in three dimensions［J］. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing， 2012， 34（4）： C192-C209.
41	孟丽媛，徐刚，万云博，等. 风雷软件应用与开发指南（2112.v9198）［M］. 绵阳：中国空气动力研究与发展中心， 2021.
	MENG L Y， XU G， WAN Y B， et al. PHengLEI（2112.v9198） user’s manual［M］. Mianyang： China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center， 2021 （in Chinese）.
42	KIM J， MOIN P， MOSER R. Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number［J］. Journal of Fluid Mechanics， 1987， 177： 133-166.
43	MOSER R D， KIM J， MANSOUR N N. Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow up to Re_τ =590［J］. Physics of Fluids， 1999， 11（4）： 943-945.
44	ONG L， WALLACE J. The velocity field of the turbulent very near wake of a circular cylinder［J］.Experiments in Fluids， 1996， 20（6）： 441-453.
45	LOURENCO L M， SHIH C. Characteristics of the plane turbulent near wake of a circular cylinder， a particle image velocimetry study： TF-62［R］. Stanford， California： NASA Ames/Stanford University， 1994.
46	PARNAUDEAU P， CARLIER J， HEITZ D， et al. Experimental and numerical studies of the flow over a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900［J］. Physics of Fluids， 2008， 20（8）： 085101.
47	WISSINK J G， RODI W. Numerical study of the near wake of a circular cylinder［J］. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow， 2008， 29（4）： 1060-1070.
48	LYSENKO D A， ERTESVÅG I S， RIAN K E. Large-eddy simulation of the flow over a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900 using the OpenFOAM toolbox［J］. Flow， Turbulence and Combustion， 2012， 89（4）： 491-518.
49	MA X， KARAMANOS G S， KARNIADAKIS G E. Dynamics and low-dimensionality of a turbulent near wake［J］. Journal of Fluid Mechanics， 2000， 410： 29-65.
50	ZAMAN K B M Q， MCKINZIE D J， RUMSEY C L. A natural low-frequency oscillation of the flow over an airfoil near stalling conditions［J］. Journal of Fluid Mechanics， 1989， 202： 403-442.
51	ELJACK E M， SORIA J. Investigation of the low-frequency oscillations in the flowfield about an airfoil［J］. AIAA Journal， 2020， 58（10）： 4271-4286.
52	LIU J， et al. Numerical investigation of unsteady vortex breakdown past 80°/65° double-delta wing［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2014， 27（3）： 521-530.

算例序号	数值方法	L_x	L_y	L_z	N_x	N_y	N_z	Δx⁺	Δy⁺	Δz⁺	亚格子模型
A	Fourier谱/高阶有限差分方法	2πh	2h	πh	256	192	192	10	0.2~12.0	6.7	无
B	Fourier谱/高阶有限差分方法	2πh	2h	πh	128	192	96	20	0.2~12.0	13.0	SM
C	Fourier谱/高阶有限差分方法	2πh	2h	πh	128	192	96	20	0.2~12.0	13.0	DSM
D	Fourier谱/高阶有限差分方法	2πh	2h	πh	128	192	96	20	0.2~12.0	13.0	Sigma
DNS^［43］	Fourier谱/ Chebyshev多项式	2πh	2h	πh	256	192	192	10	0.2~12.0	6.7	无
DSM^［11］	4th order Galerkin finite element	3.5h	2h	1.3h	30	138	50	30	1.0~17.0	10.0	DSM
Sigma^［11］	4th order Galerkin finite element	3.5h	2h	1.3h	30	138	50	30	1.0~17.0	10.0	Sigma

算例	求解器	亚格子模型
E	NSSolverStruct+LESSolverStruct	Sigma
F	NSSolverStructFD+LESSolverStruct	Sigma
G	NSSolverStructFD+LESSolverStruct	DSM
H	NSSolverUnstruct+LESSolverUnstruct	Sigma

算例	回流区长度/D
E、H	1.68
F、G	1.90
PIV^［45］	1.19
PIV^［46］	1.51
DNS^［47］	1.56
LES^［46］	1.56
LES^［48］	1.67

[1]	Lingfeng JIANG, Xinkai LI, Hai ZHANG, Hanwei LI, Hongli ZHANG. Mapless navigation of UAVs in dynamic environments based on an improved TD3 algorithm [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(8): 331035-331035.
[2]	Rui KANG, Xiaoyang LI. Reliability science experiments [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(5): 531622-531622.
[3]	Runyu TIAN, Hongming GONG, Yu CHANG, Xiaoping KONG. Calculation method for heat flow at stagnation point of spherical head based on boundary layer theory [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(2): 130448-130448.
[4]	Pengfei WANG, Lifang ZENG, Xueming SHAO, Jun LI. Multi-source data fusion modeling method for aerodynamic load of aircraft wing based on pre-training and fine-tuning [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(19): 532297-532297.
[5]	Yisha HUANG, Xiaoyu WANG, Lei QIN, Guangyu ZHANG, Ronghui CHENG, Xiaofeng SUN. Three-dimensional thermoacoustic instability analysis in a multi-nozzle combustor [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(18): 131843-131843.
[6]	Ruochen JIN, Zhibo YANG, Laihao YANG, Baijie QIAO, Junnan FENG, Huan ZHANG, Zhijun YANG, Xuefeng CHEN. Frequency estimation method for blade tip timing using continuous compressed sensing [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(17): 231620-231620.
[7]	Xunliang YAN, Peichen WANG, Yang GUO. Review of trajectory planning and guidance methods for entry glide maneuvering penetration [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(17): 331810-331810.
[8]	Jun DU, Ao CUI, Zhiqiang LI, Zhihao WAN. Influence of droplet transition mode on deposition morphology in droplet-arc hybrid additive manufacturing [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(17): 431710-431710.
[9]	Honglin LIU, Guan WANG, Shuaibin AN, Shaojie MA, Kai LIU. Online identification based strong adaptive control of hypersonic morphing vehicles [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(17): 331654-331654.
[10]	Zhou ZHU, Qi LIN, Cong HE, Lu SHI, Lei ZHAN, Chulun SHEN, Dongbo HAN. Wind tunnel test for coupled motion of spinning projectile based on WDPR suspension support [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(16): 131683-131683.
[11]	Yufeng BAI, Qitong ZOU, Rui HUANG, Haojie LIU, Yuguo RAN. Aeroelastic control of flexible wing with flying-wing configuration and wind tunnel tests [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(14): 331452-331452.
[12]	Tao CHEN, Jian CHEN. Learning-observer-based resilient fault-tolerant control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(11): 531346-531346.
[13]	Yongnan JIA. A scheme for unmanned aerial system traffic management in low-altitude airspace [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(11): 531399-531399.
[14]	Xinrui ZHANG, Zhi XIONG, Bing HUA, Jun KANG, Huiyu HE. A heterogeneous multi-source integrated navigation method for cross-domain vehicles based on inertial/celestial deep fusion [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(S1): 730614-730614.
[15]	Chunhui ZHAO, Anmeng LIU, Yang LYU, Quan PAN. A survey of resilient self-localization for UAV [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(8): 28839-028839.

Development and verification of LES model in NNW-PHengLEI

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 22

References 52

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments