Abstract: In Mars sample return missions, the precise rendezvous and capture of sample containers is crucial for ensuring the safe return of Martian soil samples to Earth. Addressing the demands of Mars exploration and sample return missions, and considering the characteristics of extraterrestrial sampling, this paper conducts a comprehensive survey and analysis of relative measurement technologies for Mars sample container rendezvous and capture, while exploring their unique requirements in extraterrestrial sampling. Focusing on the NASA-ESA collaborative "Mars Sample Return" program, this work systematically elaborates the relative measurement procedures and technical challenges during the rendezvous and capture phase, with an emphasis on analyzing the capture process and typical configuration features of orbital sample containers in Mars sample return missions. Regarding critical perception and measurement technologies in rendezvous and capture operations, the paper provides detailed discussions on visual relative measurement sensor system design and multi-sensor fusion configuration schemes. It further examines key data processing technologies and conducts in-depth analyses of current technical difficulties, offering targeted recommendations. This research provides significant technical and engineering references for China's "Tianwen-3" Mars sample return mission, particularly in critical aspects such as high-precision rendezvous and capture.

Key words: Mars Sample Return, Mars Sample Return Container, Rendezvous Capture, Relative Measurement, Deep Space Exploration