面向涡桨飞机座舱的多通道混合主动噪声控制系统

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32332

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenging issue of hybrid broadband-narrowband noise suppression in turboprop aircraft cabins， this study proposes a novel multi-channel hybrid structured Active Noise Control （ANC） method. In the system architecture design， the feedforward structure employs an improved narrowband Filtered-x Least Mean Square （FxLMS） algorithm， which simplifies linear convolution operations into equivalent additive-multiplicative computations based on the characteristics of multi-frequency sinusoidal reference signals， significantly reducing computational complexity. The feedback structure adopts a partial update FxLMS algorithm with dynamic selection mechanism， effectively enhancing system convergence speed and stability through real-time optimization of filter update methods. Furthermore， a Residual Error Separation （RES） module and an alternating update method based on noise smoothing power are introduced to optimize computational resource allocation while ensuring noise reduction performance. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed hybrid system possesses extremely low computational complexity， and that the RES module effectively enhances the algorithm’s convergence performance and stability by improving the condition number of the feedback system's autocorrelation matrix and reducing the instantaneous variance of the feedforward system’s gradient estimate. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the constructed 1×2×2 multi-channel control system achieves effective total sound pressure level attenuation of 18.33 dB and 21.27 dB， verifying its effectiveness and engineering potential.

Key words: turboprop aircraft, active noise control, multi-channel system, least mean square algorithm, hybrid structure

CLC Number:

V223

Hao SHEN, Ningjuan DONG, Tingyu CHEN, Yixiao CHEN, Xing SHEN. Multi-channel hybrid active noise control system for turboprop aircraft cabin[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(21): 532332.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Summary of adaptive strategy and computational complexity analysis for proposed HANC system

自适应步骤		计算量
初始化	$w a, q j (0), w b, q j (0), w i j (0), a e, q k (0), b e, q k (0) = 0$ 同步参考信号 $x a, q (n)$ 和 $x b, q (n)$
参数设置	设置P_min， P_max， $λ$ ， $μ n$ ， $μ b$ ， $μ e$ $求解 a s, q j k (n) = ∑ m = 1 M s ̂ j k m (n) c o s (ω q m), b s, q j k (n) = ∑ m = 1 M s ̂ j k m (n) s i n (ω q m)$
系统运行	for n=1，…，N
	$y n, j (n) = ∑ q = 1 Q w a, q j (n) x a, q (n) + w b, q j (n) x b, q (n)$	2JQ
	$y b, j (n) = ∑ i = 1 I w i j (n) x i (n)$	IJL
	$y j (n) = y n, j (n) + y b, j (n)$	2J
	$e n, k (n) = ∑ q = 1 Q a e, q k (n) x a, q (n) + b e, q k (n) x b, q (n)$	2KQ
	$e b, k (n) = e k (n) - e n, k (n)$	2K
	$a e, q k (n + 1) = a e, q k (n) + μ e e b, k (n) x b, q (n), b e, q k (n + 1) = b e, q k (n) + μ e e b, k (n) x b, q (n)$	4KQ
	$x j (n) = e j (n) + ∑ k = 1 K S ̂ k j (n) * y j (n)$	JKM
	$P e n (n) = P e n (n - 1) + λ ∑ k = 1 K e n, k 2 (n), P e b (n) = P e b (n - 1) + λ ∑ k = 1 K e b, k 2 (n)$	2K
	$P y b (n) = P y b (n - 1) + λ ∑ j = 1 J y b, j 2 (n)$	J
	If $P e b (n) < P e n (n)$
	$x a, q j k' (n) = a s, q j k (n) x a, q j k (n) + b s, q j k (n) x b, q j k (n), x b, q j k' (n) = - b s, q j k (n) x a, q j k (n) + a s, q j k (n) x b, q j k (n)$	4JKQ
	$w a, q j (n + 1) = w a, q j (n) + μ f f ∑ k K e k (n) x a, q j k' (n), w b, q j (n + 1) = w b, q j (n) + μ f f ∑ k K e k (n) x b, q j k' (n)$	2JKQ
	else
	$ρ (n) = P e b (n) / P e b (n) + P y b (n), P (n) = f l o o r ρ (n) P m i n + 1 - ρ (n) P m a x$	3
	$x i j k' (n) = S ̂ j k (n) * x i (n), n % P (n) = 0$	IJKM/P
	$w i j, l (n + 1) = w i j, l (n) + μ f b ∑ k = 1 K e k (n) x i j k' (n - l), (n - l) % P (n) = 0$	IJKL/P
	end

Table 1

Table 2

Comparison of computational complexity before and after system improvement

ANC系统类型		计算量	具体计算值	$改进后计算值改进前计算值 / %$
前馈ANC	改进前	2JQ+2JKQ+JKMQ	3 997 080
前馈ANC	改进后	2JQ+6JKQ	46 872	1.17
反馈ANC	改进前	IJL+JKM+IJKL+IJKM	145 317 888
反馈ANC	改进后	IJL+JKM+IJK（L+M）/P	19 906 560	13.70
混合ANC	改进前	2J+2JQ+2JKQ+JKMQ+IJL+JKM+IJKL+IJKM	149 315 040
混合ANC	改进后	3+2K+3J+2JQ+2KQ+IJL+JKM+ （6JKQ+IJKM/P+IJKL/P）/2	10 972 839	7.35

Table 2

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Table 3

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Table 4

Fig.14

Fig.15

References 25

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名称	型号	性能参数
控制板卡	PXIe-7862	Kintex-7 325T FPGA，16通道，1 MS/s
多通道信号调理仪	CM3508D	8通道输入，每通道独立的4 mA 恒流源
功率放大器	Hivi FA860	频率响应20 Hz~20 kHz，输出功率60~150 W
传声器	GRAS 40PH-10	10 Hz~20 kHz频率范围（±2 dB），灵敏度50 mV/Pa
扬声器	JBL Control X	频率响应90 Hz~20 kHz，阻抗8 Ω

信号	控制前声压级/dB	改进前声压级/dB	改进前降低量/dB	改进后声压级/dB	改进后降低量/dB
误差信号1	92.82	73.66	19.16	74.49	18.33
误差信号2	89.89	69.44	20.45	68.62	21.27

Multi-channel hybrid active noise control system for turboprop aircraft cabin

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