Fig.1

Appendix O： Drop diameter distribution of freezing drizzle［16］

Fig.2

Appendix O： Drop diameter distribution of freezing rain［16］

Fig.3

Appendix O： Liquid water content of freezing drizzle［16］

Fig.4

Appendix O： Liquid water content of freezing rain［16］

Fig.5

Two formation mechanisms of freezing rain［35］

Table 1

MVD and maximum drop size in SLD conditions［32］

Fig.6

Relationship between normalized mass distribution and drop size for each drop size spectrum in FZDZ conditions［32］

Fig.7

Relationship between normalized mass distribution and drop size for each drop size spectrum in FZRA conditions［32］

Table 2

Drop size vs mass bimodal distribution in SLD conditions

Fig.8

Cumulative percent LWC distributions for the large droplet test conditions of the IRT［41］

Fig.9

Clouds with MVD greater than 50 μm and droplet size distribution needed were synthesized by alternate spraying in IRT［46］

Fig.10

Comparison of cumulative mass distributions between the FAA Appendix O and corresponding IRT distributions （2009） for FZDZ［44］

Fig.11

Curve fit values obtained from the SLD curve fit equation compared to the measured values for SLD conditions in IRT［51］

Fig.12

IRT distribution compared with FZDZ distribution in Appendix O［51］

Fig.13

IRT 2019 bimodal distribution corresponding to the condition of FZDZ， MVD<40 μm［51］

Fig.14

IRT distribution compared with FZRA distribution in Appendix O［51］

Fig.15

Simulation of FZDZ conditions in FL-61［52］

Fig.16

Concurrent generation of two spray conditions for freezing drizzle case， and the distribution of mass spectrum and cumulative mass fraction with drop size under two combination conditions in IWT［55］

Fig.17

Concurrent generation of two spray conditions for freezing drizzle case， and the distribution of mass spectrum and cumulative mass fraction with drop size under three combination conditions in IWT［55］

Fig.18

Comparison of cumulative mass between Appendix O requirements and simulation of drop diameter distribution for FZDZ condition by dual spray system in AIWT［56］

Fig.19

Comparison of cumulative mass between Appendix O requirements and simulation of drop diameter distribution for FZRA condition by dual spray system in AIWT［56］

Fig.20

Piping system of the RTA IWT icing rig （blue： water， green： air）［58］

Fig.21

Simulation of FZDZ MVD>40 μm droplet diameter distribution in RTA-IWT［59］

Fig.22

FZDZ MVD>40 μm LWC at different windspeeds in RTA-IWT［59］

Fig.23

Drop diameter group of SLD conditions［61］

Fig.24

Comparison between the fitting results of the bimodal distribution of R-R distribution function with the conditions in Appendix O［61］

Table 3

Fitting parameters of R-R distribution function for different size group of SLD conditions［61］

Fig.25

Comparison between the experimental result with the corresponding condition in Appendix O［61］

Fig.26

Simulation of FZRA MVD>40 μm droplet diameter distribution in RTA-IWT［60］

Fig.27

FZRA MVD>40 μm LWC at different windspeeds in RTA-IWT［60］

Table 4

FZRA mass-size distributions represented using 20 bins［67］

Fig.28

Maximum number density of drops in each drop size zone represented by the mass-weighted midpoint in FZRA conditions［67］

Fig.29

Average cumulative mass spectrum for four SLD conditions， compared to each individual cumulative mass spectra［31］