航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (4): 232328-232328   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32328

固体力学与飞行器总体设计

空间发射装置管口缓冲特性与参数影响

王子豪1, 王万祥2, 武成龙1, 单君宇3, 岳帅1(), 杜忠华1, 赵磊1   

  1. 1.南京理工大学 机械工程学院,南京 210094
    2.上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海 201109
    3.沈阳理工大学 装备工程学院,沈阳 110168
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 修回日期:2025-06-18 接受日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2025-07-16 发布日期:2025-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 岳帅 E-mail:yueshuai@njust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52102436);中国博士后科学基金(2020M681615);上海市自然科学基金(23ZR1462700);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX23_0508);强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室开放基金(ASSIKFJJ202304006)

Buffering characteristics and parameter influence of launch canister of space launch devices

Zihao WANG1, Wanxiang WANG2, Chenglong WU1, Junyu SHAN3, Shuai YUE1(), Zhonghua DU1, Lei ZHAO1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
    2.Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai,Shanghai 201109,China
    3.School of Equipment Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110168,China
  • Received:2025-05-30 Revised:2025-06-18 Accepted:2025-07-11 Online:2025-07-16 Published:2025-07-15
  • Contact: Shuai YUE E-mail:yueshuai@njust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102436);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681615);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1462700);Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_0508);National Key Laboratory Open Fund for Strength and Structural Integrity(ASSIKFJJ202304006)

摘要:

针对空间发射装置管口冲击力强、管口振动大的问题,提出一种管口吸能结构,旨在降低发射体在管口产生的冲击力,并且减小管口振动,从而进一步提升发射精度。以内弹道模型为加载条件建立变化载荷下的发射动力学模型,仿真与试验中吸能环变形后状态均为花瓣形向内变形,且变形量误差为14.23%,后坐力峰值误差为0.30%,前冲力峰值误差为10.72%,速度误差为4.14%,加速度峰值误差为4.88%,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上分析了关键结构参数对前冲力和俯仰位移的影响规律,结果表明,吸能环倾角为35°时吸能效果最优,此时前冲力峰值相比于优化之前降低了9.22%,发射管俯仰位移幅值最小为3.45 mm,降低了1.71%;吸能活塞与吸能环碰撞接触曲面半径为7.5 mm时,前冲力峰值较半径5.5 mm减少6.83%,且改变半径影响较小。研究结果为空间碎片高效清除载荷设计提供了理论支撑与工程实践参考。

关键词: 空间碎片, 前冲力, 结构参数, 动力学模型, 吸能环

Abstract:

To address the issues of strong impact force and significant vibration at the launch canister of a space launch device, this study proposes a launch canister energy-absorbing structure. The aim is to reduce the impact force generated by the projectile at the launch canister and mitigate launch canister vibration, thereby further enhancing launch accuracy. An internal ballistic model served as the loading condition to establish a launch dynamics model under varying loads. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the deformed state of the energy-absorbing ring consistently exhibited a petal-shaped inward deformation. The deformation height error was 14.23%, the recoil force peak error was 0.30%, the forward impact force peak error was 10.72%, the velocity error was 4.14%, and the acceleration peak error was 4.88%, verifying the model's accuracy. Based on this validated model, the influence of key structural parameters on the forward impact force and pitch displacement was analyzed. Results indicate that an energy-absorbing ring inclination angle of 35° yields optimal energy absorption. At this angle, the peak forward impact force is reduced by 9.22% compared to the pre-optimized state, and the minimum launch tube pitch displacement amplitude is 3.45 mm, representing a 1.71% reduction. When the collision contact surface radius between the energy-absorbing piston and the energy-absorbing ring is 7.5 mm, the peak forward impact force decreases by 6.83% compared to a radius of 5.5 mm, with the change in radius having a relatively minor effect overall. This research provides theoretical support and practical engineering reference for the design of high-efficiency space debris removal payloads.

Key words: space debris, forward impact force, structure parameter, dynamics model, energy-absorbing ring

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