航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (1): 632007-632007   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32007

第二十七届中国科协年会专栏

直升机余热回收热管理新构型及应用

罗平根1, 李彬1, 王化吉1(), 李星萍1, 夏文庆2   

  1. 1.中国直升机设计研究所,景德镇 333001
    2.南京航空航天大学 航空学院,南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 修回日期:2025-04-07 接受日期:2025-05-22 出版日期:2025-06-05 发布日期:2025-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 王化吉 E-mail:wanghj002@avic.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家级项目

New waste heat recovery thermal management configurations and applications for helicopters

Pinggen LUO1, Bin LI1, Huaji WANG1(), Xingping LI1, Wenqing XIA2   

  1. 1.China Helicopter Research and Development Institute,Jingdezhen 333001,China
    2.College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-04-07 Accepted:2025-05-22 Online:2025-06-05 Published:2025-05-30
  • Contact: Huaji WANG E-mail:wanghj002@avic.com
  • Supported by:
    National Level Project

摘要:

针对先进直升机能量利用效率提升需求和机载蒸发循环系统温度适应性不足的问题,提出基于环控-滑油系统耦合的能量管理方法。机载蒸发循环系统在冷天环境下(舱外大气温度≤-5 ℃)因制冷剂蒸发不完全导致加温失效,在热天高海拔时(舱外大气温度<+20 ℃)又频繁除霜影响座舱热舒适性。依据直升机环控系统的构型特点,开发了单冷无霜和宽温域无霜2种热管理系统构型。通过实验室验证和AMESIM仿真分析,结果显示单冷无霜热管理系统能够在直升机的整个飞行高度包线内实现无霜制冷,而宽温域无霜热管理系统则可在整个飞行高度和温度包线(舱外大气温度≥-40 ℃)内无霜制冷和加温。该研究成果使环控系统摆脱了对发动机引气的依赖,有效节省了发动机功率,验证了滑油余热回收利用技术的可行性,具有重要的工程应用价值。

关键词: 直升机, 能量管理, 热管理, 环控系统, 滑油系统, 无霜, 余热回收

Abstract:

To address the need for improved energy utilization efficiency in advanced helicopters and the inadequate temperature adaptability of onboard evaporative cycle systems, an Energy Management System (EMS) method based on the coupling of Environmental Control System (ECS) and Lubrication Oil Systems (LOS) is proposed. In cold weather conditions (outside air temperature ≤-5 ℃), the onboard evaporative cycle system often fails to heat effectively due to incomplete refrigerant evaporation. In hot weather at high altitudes (outside air temperature<20 ℃), frequent defrosting negatively impacts cabin thermal comfort. Based on the configuration characteristics of helicopter ECS, two new Thermal Management System (TMS) architectures were developed: a single-cooling frost-free system and a wide-temperature-range frost-free system. Laboratory tests and AMESIM simulation analyses showed that the single-cooling frost-free TMS can achieve frost-free cooling throughout the entire flight altitude envelope of the helicopter, while the wide-temperature-range frost-free TMS can provide frost-free cooling and heating across the entire flight altitude and temperature envelope (outside air temperature ≥-40 ℃). This research allows the ECS to operate independently of engine bleed air, effectively saving engine power, and verifies the feasibility of stepwise utilization technology for waste heat recovery from the LOS, demonstrating significant engineering application value.

Key words: helicopter, energy management, thermal management, environmental control system, lubrication oil system, frost-free, waste heat recovery

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