航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (6): 531844-531844   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31844

智能窗散射调控技术研究进展与应用思考

张锐聪1,2, 王天宇2,3, 何玉荣3, 朱嘉琦1,2(), 韩杰才1()   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学 航天学院 复合材料与结构研究所,哈尔滨 150080
    2.哈尔滨工业大学 郑州研究院,郑州 450018
    3.哈尔滨工业大学 能源学院,哈尔滨 150001
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-26 修回日期:2025-02-14 接受日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-03-17 发布日期:2025-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 朱嘉琦,韩杰才 E-mail:zhuig@hit.edu.cn;hanjc@hit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划—青年科学家项目(2023YFB3811600);2023年度“揭榜挂帅”哈尔滨工业大学校内培育重大项目(2023FRFK01002);国家自然科学基金青年基金(52302172);黑龙江省重点研发计划(2024ZX12C08);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(52261135545);哈尔滨工业大学点子基金(HIT.DZJJ.2023041)

Research progress and application perspectives on smart window scattering control technology

Ruicong ZHANG1,2, Tianyu WANG2,3, Yurong HE3, Jiaqi ZHU1,2(), Jiecai HAN1()   

  1. 1.Composite Materials and Structures Research Institute,School of Astronautics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin  150080,China
    2.Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute,Zhengzhou  450018,China
    3.School of Energy Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin  150001,China
  • Received:2025-01-26 Revised:2025-02-14 Accepted:2025-03-03 Online:2025-03-17 Published:2025-03-06
  • Contact: Jiaqi ZHU, Jiecai HAN E-mail:zhuig@hit.edu.cn;hanjc@hit.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China—Young Scientists Project(2023YFB3811600);Harbin Institute of Technology Major Cultivation Project of “Revealing the Banner and Taking the Lead”(2023FRFK01002);National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund Project(52302172);Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Program(2024ZX12C08);National Natural Science Foundation of China International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchange Project(52261135545);Harbin Institute of Technology Idea Fund(HIT.DZJJ.2023041)

摘要:

随着光热环境调控需求的日益增长,散射型智能窗凭借其响应速度快、能耗低等优势成为研究热点。系统梳理了散射型智能窗技术的研究进展,分析了其在采光调节与热管理中的应用潜力,并探讨了未来发展方向。现有研究表明,散射调控技术可分为表面散射与体积散射两大类。表面散射通过微结构设计结合机械应力、电场及光热响应策略,可实现30%~40%的透过率调控范围和毫秒级响应。体积散射则以聚合物-液晶体系为代表,具有低驱动电压、快速响应(毫秒级)和高透光率等优势,但耐久性与成本仍需优化。当前面临着散射效率不足、环境稳定性差及大尺寸制备困难等技术瓶颈。未来研究应聚焦材料性能优化、多功能复合调控机制开发及大尺寸制备工艺突破,以推动该技术在建筑节能、交通安全及航空等领域的应用。

关键词: 智能窗, 散射调控, 光热管理, 智能表面, 水凝胶, 液晶, 表面散射, 体积散射

Abstract:

With the growing demand for light and thermal environment control, scattering-type smart windows have become a research hotspot due to their advantages of fast response and low energy consumption. We systematically examine the research progress of scattering-type smart window technology, analyzes its application potential in lighting regulation and thermal management, and discusses future development directions. Current research shows that scattering control technology can be classified into two major categories: surface scattering and volume scattering. Surface scattering, through microstructure design combined with mechanical stress, electric field, and photothermal response strategies, can achieve a transmittance regulation range of 30%-40% with millisecond-level response. Volume scattering, represented by polymer-liquid crystal systems, offers advantages such as low driving voltage, rapid response (millisecond level), and high light transmittance, though durability and cost still need optimization. Current technology faces technical bottlenecks including insufficient scattering efficiency, poor environmental stability, and difficulties in large-scale fabrication. Therefore, future research should focus on material performance optimization, development of multifunctional composite regulation mechanisms, and breakthroughs in large-scale manufacturing processes to promote the application of this technology in building energy conservation, transportation safety, and aviation.

Key words: smart window, scattering control, light and thermal management, smart surface, hydrogel, liquid crystal, surface scattering, volume scattering

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